Migration Patterns

MIGRATION PATTERNS QingYing Sun 11MTL Contents . Introduction .................... 3 - Place & time - Hypotheses .................... 4 2. Methods .................... 5 - Migration Photo Exhibition 3. Results .................... 6+ 7 - Different countries - Maps - World .................... 8 - Detailed.................... 9 4. Conclusion .................... 11 - Proving or disproving Hypotheses 5. Evaluation ....................12 Bibliography ................. 13 Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION: This is an investigation based on Migration and I am aimed to find out the most common and important reasons and patterns of Migration, all over the world including different kinds of migration basing myself on the the Migration Photo Exhibition of Sebastiao Salgado in ICS during the month of November, and therefore, this investigation should only be based on that source of information. Before going to see the exhibition, I've set out four Hypotheses: - Most migrants travel only short distances and with increasing distance their number decrease. (distance decay) I think that this statement is true because the most common type of migration is commuting, and billions of people do this everyday. Tourism has developed into more local-based lately, too because short distance traveling is faster, cheaper and often safer. - Long distance migration

  • Word count: 1991
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Migration: Russia

Migration: Russia Since the liberalisation of Russia from the control of the Soviet Union there have been several new trends in the form of major migration streams. The first of these is the migration of some of the countries brightest and most skilled workers travelling to the west. The second is and influx of Russian speakers, ethnic Russians and other from the former Soviet Union. And the next is the depopulation of Siberia and the Far East. There are several reasons for these migration trends. A push factor affecting the migration into Russia is ethnic violence and regional conflict. This violence has a negative affect on a countries economics and has caused economic declines. There is always a risk of injury and loss in times of war, this push people towards migration. Armenians and Georgians moved in significant numbers due to violence during the post-Soviet period in their countries. Large numbers of people entered Russia as "forced migrants." This term refers to people who moved to Russia not out of choice but by necessity, and have been given citizenship, migrants without citizenship a labelled as refugees. At the end of 2000, there were 667,000 persons registered as refugees or forced migrants from the former Soviet Union states and 9,710 refugees from non-FSU states. Most forced migrants arrived from either Central Asia or the Caucasus, including about 600,000

  • Word count: 1013
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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International Migration

International Migration International Migration is the movement of people between countries. It has decreased in importance in the 20th century. In the 19th century, large numbers of people moved voluntarily to different countries or even continents in the hope of colonizing new areas. EXAMPLE: White Europeans moving to south Africa to set up gold mines and sugar plantations. However there was also a great deal of forced migration especially amongs what would now be called 3rd World countries. Bristol had a major influence on forced migration in the 18th century until it got abolished. EXAMPLE: Slaves were captured on the west coast of Africa and then shipped to the carribean where many slave masters had plantations for which they would need slaves. Slaves where traded there for things like coffe and spices which would be taken back to cities like Bristol. Nowadays International migration is a lot less significant as migration is controlled to quite a far extent. In places such as Europe people are allowed to move freely between countries like France and England. This type of migration doesn't have a huge effect on the population as it doesn't occur in large volumes. However migration from problem areas is still a problem today with an increasing refugee crisis. EXAMPLE: Afghani's moving to Pakistani boarders to try to seek refuge from the on going war in there

  • Word count: 1974
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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International Migration

International Migration Around 70 million people migrate between countries each year. This type of migration is less common than internal migration such as rural to urban migration. There are two reasons why international migration is less common. Firstly the longer distance involved and political controls make it difficult for migrants to move freely between countries. The border between the USA and Mexico is more than an international frontier. It is a boundary where the rich are divided from the poor, Because of the economic contrast that exists on the other side of the border people are constantly attracted to the bright lights and big money that the USA holds. At least 1 million Mexicans try to cross the border every year most of them illegally although the USA has an elaborate security controls along the border, it is impossible to stop everyone. Those illegal immigrants who are caught are deported back to Mexico. Increasingly Mexican immigrants are unwelcome in the USA as they are seen to drain the nations social security and welfare system. In some places the scale of emigration is so high that population levels have fallen steeply. Santa Ines in NorthWest Mexico has lost two thirds of its population. But people leaving the village were not exactly poor. They left the country not out desperation but mainly to improve their quality of life. At one time only the men

  • Word count: 428
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Migration in MEDCs

Based on Migration Rhetoric article Q Explain why it is difficult for governments of MEDCs to maintain an acceptable level of migration into their countries (Consider Economic, Social, Political arguments in detail) Many of the governments of MEDCs (Most Economically Developed Countries) are concerned about migrants coming into the country since it has both good and bad affects to the countries. Economic Migration is most of the case for migrants trying to find jobs with better facilities and salaries. Migrants do help the economy of the countries by cheap labor. "More immigration is a good thing for the economy, plugging the gaps caused by skill shortages and offsetting some of the burden of an ageing population" states the article. It is not only the skills, numbers of people at economically active age group that are lacking within most of the MEDCs. It is impossible for those countries to increase the population in a flash of a second. Therefore, migrants are needed to fill in the gap. The article also states that the migration can help offset the impact of an ageing population by increasing the number of prime-aged workers even they are unskilled since it will lead to rise in the productivity in the countries which will be benefit for the economy. The graph in the article shows the impact of the migrants in United Kingdom. From 1981, numbers of migrants are increasing

  • Word count: 2717
  • Level: International Baccalaureate
  • Subject: Geography
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Internal Migration 1.

Internal Migration . * Internal Migration - This is the migration that takes place within a country. This is the commonest type of migration. Many thousands of people move house every year, often in the same region and often in the same urban area. As the distances increases the amount of internal migrants decreases. * Rural to Urban Migration - This is the movement from the countryside into the towns. This mainly happens in both LEDC'S and MEDC'S. In LEDC'S people move into the city's for employment mainly and health care and education. In MEDC'S this happened as a good example in the industrial revolution, when towns were developing and business booming. Many people left the countryside to work in coalmines, steelworks and shipyards... * Counter-Urbanisation - This is the movement of people from the urban areas, 'The inner city to the rural-urban fringe'. People move to escape the air and noise pollution, crime poor housing and cramped space to go in search of better surroundings. An example of this is in 1951 Greater London has a population of 8.2 million. In 1991 the population of Greater London was 6.9 million. 2. From figure 5 we see that the South West of England on average has a population increase of 3.1-5%. This is for a verity of reasons. Mainly because in the South West the pull factors are: * Employment - the level of employment is good * Temperature -

  • Word count: 730
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Migration To Germany.

-MIGRATION TO GERMANY 1.1 SITUATION IN GERMANY After 1945, millions of people started to migrate from underdeveloped countries, to Western Europe, in order to be employed, in other words to have better standards of living. After the fifties, the active population in Western Europe was unable to meet the requirements for the rapidly growing economy. Consequently, labor shortage appeared and immigration became a necessity for the economic development of Western European countries. Nearly all of them, therefore turned to immigration process to supply the labor shortage, which was caused by the rapid industrial growth. After the World War II, economists thought that Europe would be unable to provide employment for its own citizens. For instance, Western Germany experienced an inflow of eight millions of refugees from the former eastern provinces. At that time, it was estimated that Germany could only support 44 million people, but its population was 66 millions in 1946. Accordingly, efforts were made to halt further immigration. 1.2 BEGINNING OF THE LABOR SHORTAGE AND SOLUTION After the war, Western Germany had a considerable unemployment rate due to the war and economic disorganization. However, after the economic recovery in 1948, Germany reconstruction was so rapid that unemployed and refugees found jobs. During the fifties, even three millions of refugees from

  • Word count: 4363
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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Migration Towards Western Europe

Migration Towards Western Europe "Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution." Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 14, Chapter 1. Development in a country partly means the ability to meet the demand for jobs, healthcare and education for the growing population in the country whilst keeping that population growth at a desirable level. Running an efficient economy also depends on these conditions. The world today is virtually divided into three sectors; developed countries, developing countries and non-developed countries. The developed countries consist of the nations that have managed to reach a certain level of technological development along with high standarts of living for their residents which include the above mentioned conditions. These countries include the superpowers of the world like the US, Japan and most of the European Union (EU). As euphoric as they may seem, these high standarts in the developed countries attract incomers from the other two sectors. As a requirement of nature's laws, humans always want to live in better conditions and therefore population flow from one country to another, defined as international migration, occurs. The intent of this essay is to focus on the migration to Western Europe in the late twentieth century with historical information and define the recent status of migration

  • Word count: 1668
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Migration and Europe.

Migration and Europe - Revision How have migrants been treated, both historically and in more recent times? Have they always been welcomed? Consider: Immigration Acts, race riots, Race relations Act, violence etc. * Emigration - leaving one's country for another * Immigrant - a person who leaves her or his home country and settles in a host country * Migrant - a settler in a host country It is quite safe to say that migrants have not always been welcomed with open arms by the host countries. Natives often see them as 'stealing jobs' and 'scroungers'. More often than not migrants have had to face racism on the grounds of their skin colour or because of their culture, be it a different religion or customs. Since 1992 European governments have introduced a range of measures to reduce the flow of immigrants into Western Europe. Both national governments and the EU have made it clear that they intend to strengthen 'Fortress Europe' against the further waves of immigrants from Eastern Europe and the less developed countries expected during the second half of the 1990s. In February 1992 the Polish government introduced new measures affecting migrants from Romania, Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia and the former Soviet Union who travel through Poland on their way to Germany. Under the new measures migrants travelling through Poland would have to prove a Polish citizen

  • Word count: 849
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Law
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Migration in the News

Migration in the News Mexican migration to the United States began on a large scale at the end of the Nineteenth century and although it has gone through many changes along the way, it still continues today, with around 8million Mexicans in the USA in 2000 (cis.org). The article focuses on low-skilled labour migration to the USA, in particular undocumented and illegal migrants who have crossed the border to work at a meat packing factory in Greely, Colorado. The politicization of the US-Mexico relationship is considered along with contrasting perspectives from opposing academics and groups concerned, as the US-Mexican border is now no longer just a physical space; it is now a political space (Coleman, 2007). Following southwestern US states inclusion in the national economy a constant demand for a cheap labour force was created which provided the large pools of impoverished rural people in Mexico, 50% in poverty in 2002, with the economic motivation to fill the void (Worldbank.org; Cardoso, 1980). Simultaneous extensions of transport and communication networks under globalisation have facilitated this flow, making migration easier (Driscoll, 1999). The article is focused on the USA's relationship and response to these migrants with the dilemma being that "in the USA, undocumented low skilled workers are, at once, unwanted and needed" (Escobar-Latapi, 1999 pp.153).

  • Word count: 2654
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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