Pendulum Practical Investigation
Practical Investigation: The simple Pendulum Aim: To investigate the factors which affect the period of oscillation of a simple pendulum? Hypothesis: Increasing the length or amplitude of the pendulum will increase the period of oscillation. Equipment: - stand and clamp - pendulum bob - stopwatch - metre ruler - nylon string Background: The period of a pendulum is the time for one complete swing. The equation for the period of a pendulum is T = 2? ? L/g T = period of oscillation (in seconds) 2? = constant L = length of pendulum (in centimetres) G = acceleration due to gravity (m.s-^2) W = weight Method: . Determine the effect on the period of the pendulum when the amplitude is altered and the mass and the length of string are kept constant. Measure the time for 20 complete swings when the bob is given an amplitude of 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm respectively. Enter your results into table B. 2. Determine the effect on the period of the pendulum when the length of string is altered. Keep the mass of the bob constant, and give the bob the same amplitude of 6 cm in each case, but change the length of the string so that results are obtained for lengths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm. Enter your results in table C. Results: Table B Length of pendulum = 20cm, mass of bob constant. Amplitude of Swing (cm) Time for 20 swings (s) Period of
Chemistry: Practical Investigation
Chemistry: Practical Investigation Aim To see how varying the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects its reaction time with calcium carbonate. CaCo3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Apparatus In this experiment I will need: Hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate, water, conical flask, a bung with hole for tube, burette, water basin, eye protection, stopwatch. Background science "A reaction rate is the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. The reaction rate is given as the instantaneous rate of change for any reactant or product"1. Collision theory is the theory that atoms or molecules need to collide to react. Most, if not all, reactions also need activation energy for the reaction to occur, also orientation is needed. Factors affecting collision theory are surface area, catalysts, temperature and concentration. Surface area affects the rate of reaction because it increases the frequency of collisions as there is more to collide with, temperature affects the rate of reaction because it both increases the frequency of collisions and the energy in the collisions as it excites the atoms, while concentration affects the rate of reaction because it also increases the frequency of collisions as there are more atoms to collide into the calcium carbonate. Catalysts affect the rate of reaction by providing an alternate route with a
Practical Investigation Into Viscosity
Practical Investigation Into Viscosity Aim: To investigate the rate of descent of an object falling through a liquid due to gravity and the factors which affect the viscosity of the liquid. Theory: Viscosity is the resistance a material has to change in form. This property can be thought of as an internal friction. Something which is very important when investigating viscosity is laminar flow. If a fluid or gas is flowing over a surface, the molecules next to the surface (the ones clinging to the walls) have zero speed. As we get farther away from the surface the speed increases. This difference in speed is a friction in the fluid or gas. It is the friction of molecules being pushed past each other. You can imagine that the amount of clinging-ness between the molecules will be proportional to the friction. This amount of clinging-ness is called viscosity. Thus, viscosity determines the amount of friction, which in turn determines the amount of energy absorbed by the flow. Viscosity can be determined in the following way: Work is force times distance and it takes energy to do work whilst power is the energy times time. Imagine a school laboratory filled knee deep with oil. On top of the oil is a large plate of metal that we want to slide across the surface to the other side of the room. If you think about the cube of oil under the metal plate resisting the motion
Catalase Investigation - Core practical
Investigation into the amount of potato discs effecting oxygen produced. Introduction The purpose of this investigation is to find out whether the amount of Catalase affects the volume of oxygen produced. The Catalase I will use is in potato. It contains catalytic enzymes such as Catalase. To measure the volume of oxygen produced, I will use an upturned syringe filled with water and a tube leading from the reaction in the test tube. The oxygen will collect in the syringe and give us a measurement. For my Hypothesis, I predict that adding more potato discs will give more oxygen produced. This is because Catalase increases the rate of reactions as it is an enzyme which is a natural catalyst. This will speed up the decomposition of Hydrogen peroxide. Hopefully, this experiment will lead to a conclusion reflecting the statements made in my prediction. Variables Variables are factors in an experiment which can be altered or varied. An independent variable is a factor which is changed to show the purpose of the investigation. The independent variable for this experiment was the amount of potato discs in each solution. This meant altering the amount of potato would affect the dependant variable. The dependant variable in the investigation was the volume of oxygen gas produced. This meant I could observe this dependant variable and record the results to make a conclusion. In the
Practical Investigation into the Horizontal motion of a Projectile
Practical Investigation into the Horizontal motion of a Projectile Aim The aim of this investigation is to determine the horizontal motion of a uniform particle when released down a ramp at varying speeds. The manipulation of speed will be achieved by positioning the projectile at different heights above a table, on a ramp. I believe that the horizontal component of the particle's travel will be proportional to its starting height, thus, if one is doubled so is the other. Equipment This experiment will require: * Ball Bearing - projectile * Ramp - Inclined to 50cm in height * Table - 80cm in height * Strip of white paper * Meter Ruler * Clamp Stand * Carbon Paper Method During this experiment I will be using the "Start Height" of the ball bearing as the input variable, and "Horizontal Distance" as the outcome variable. I will conduct the experiment three times for each height. The data from these trials will be averaged to give a much more reliable figure. These averages will be plotted on a graph to find any relationships and test proportionality. Equipment Diagram: As shown above, the ramp will be positioned on the table using clamp stands and G-clamps. The ramp will be approximately two centimeters away from the edge of the table to allow the ball bearing to begin it's measured motion from a horizontal plane. This is imperative to ensure that the
Strength of a string practical investigation
Strength of a string practical investigation This coursework assignment requires me to collect, analyse and evaluate data about the strength of manila string. It entails investigating the young's modulus of the string and other methods to complete my investigation. Aims: . To collect data on the strength of manila string by conducting a practical experiment. 2. To calculate figures of young's modulus for the manila string and draw stress and strain graphs from the data calculations 3. To discuss the physics involved Plan: In this investigation I will collect results on the extension of manila string when certain forces are applied to it, for which I will analyse and calculate the young's modulus. The results I will collect are for twisted manila string, I will collect three sets of results for one strand, two strands and three strands of manila string. The data will be averaged to give more accurate results and these averaged results will be used to create graphs, calculate young's modulus of string and I will analyse the graphs to complete my investigation. I will be drawing force and extension graphs from the averaged data. I will also calculate the stress and strain values and plot this on a graph. I will analyse both graphs and if any patterns exist I will analyse them to make judgements and conclusions. I will use Microsoft excel spreadsheet program to make
Should Practical Investigation have a place in the Primary Science curriculum?
University of Chichester Course: PGCE (Primary) Core Curriculum Assignment Assignment Title: "Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum?" Student Number: 1100892 Date Submitted: 28th October 2011 Word Count: 4069 Should practical investigation have a place in the Primary Science Curriculum? "We use practical work in science classes when students are unlikely to have observed the phenomenon we are interested in - or to have observed it in sufficient detail - in their everyday lives. In such situations, it is essential and irreplaceable." (Millar, 2004, p. 9). "The centrality of the laboratory to the teaching of science has become like the addicts' relationship to their drug; an unquestioned dependency which needs to be re-examined and weakened if not broken altogether." (Osborne, 1998, p. 156). The juxtaposing statements above form the base of this research piece on the place of practical investigation in our curriculum. Both authors are well respected in their fields, and both have completely opposite views on not only the effective teaching of, but also indeed the very place of practical work in the Primary National Curriculum. This is particularly relevant as the curriculum is currently in a state of flux due to the National Curriculum Review. The National Curriculum Review has stated that Science will be kept as a Core subject
Practical investigation into Viscosity in liquids (Stokes Law).
Practical investigation into Viscosity in liquids(Stokes Law) Introduction When dealing with fluid/mechanical systems, it is important to know what affects the rate of descent of an object through a liquid. There are many factors that affect the descent of an object through a liquid such as: ) Temperature of the liquid 2) Mass* of object 3) Size/surface area of object 4 Viscosity of liquid 5) Angle of descent Temperature I would like to investigate the correlation between temperature and time of descent. Reading suggests that the colder the liquid the longer it will take for the object to reach the bottom. Mass*& Surface area/size Gravity accelerates at 9.81 ms-1 independent of mass. Hence increasing the mass will not affect the experiment of surface area. Thus using an object of various sizes it would be possible to investigate the proportionately of size on the descent of the object. Viscosity I feel it is important to investigate the affects of how a more viscous liquid would impede the progress of an object descending through a liquid. Therefore I have included this factor into my investigation. Angle of descent I would like to observe the affects of the object descending at an angle. Such at sediment in a bottle is there a way in which bottles should be stored that may hasten descent? Aim To investigate the rate of decent of an object falling through a
Design a practical investigation into the formula of a metal oxide.
Design a practical investigation into the formula of a metal oxide. Aim: to determine the formula of magnesium oxide. Hypothesis: I think that the formula for the metal oxide magnesium oxide, will be MgO. Variables Independent: the mass of magnesium is manipulated as different sizes are cut from the roll of magnesium. The mass is the variable that is altered. Dependant: the mass of magnesium oxide formed will be the measured variable as it enables us to determine the formula for magnesium oxide. Controlled Each strip of magnesium was taken from the same roll. If magnesium ribbons were taken from various rolls, the reaction with oxygen and the formation of magnesium oxide would be affected. The same roll ensured that all the magnesium used was the same. The magnesium was scraped with sand paper. This was to remove any oxygen that may have formed onto it. Any oxygen on the magnesium would have altered the results. Scraping guaranteed that pure magnesium was being reacted and this made the results more accurate. The same balance was used to weigh the equipment. This ensured that the uncertainty was the same and that the measurements were accurate. Equipment * Roll of magnesium * Crucible * Crucible lid * Pipe clay triangle * Tripod stand * Electronic balance * Bunsen burner * Tongs Method Weigh the empty crucible and lid together. Record the results in
OCR B Advancing Physics Physics Practical Investigation Coursework Investigating Simple Harmonic Oscillations
Physics Practical Investigation Coursework Investigating Simple Harmonic Oscillations This investigation aims to explore the nature of different oscillating systems, including the factors upon which the oscillation depends and the energy transfer involved. Preliminary Experiment A pendulum was made using a bob hanging, by a piece of string, from a standing clamp. Experiments were carried out, recording the time taken for ten complete cycles from angles of displacement ranging from 5 to 30° in 5° intervals. In separate experiments, the mass and string length were changed as the independent variables in order to investigate the effect they had upon the period of oscillation. The mass of the bobs used were 100, 200 and 300g; the length of the string varying between 15cm and 30cm. For each experiment, three trials were completed in order to allow identification of anomalous results and enable the calculation of an average time - this value was then divided by ten in order to work out the average time of one oscillation. Length of string: 0.15m Average time for 1 oscillation (s) Amplitude: Angle of initial displacement (degrees) 00g 200g 300g 5 .08 .08 .09 0 .08 .09 .09 5 .09 .09 .09 20 .08 .09 .08 25 .09 .10 .09 30 .09 .10 .09 Length of string: 0.3m Average time for 1 oscillation (s) Amplitude: Angle of initial displacement (degrees) 00g
