Quantitative Vs. Qualitative data
QUANTITATIVE Vs. QUALITATIVE DATA (i) In the study by Gould no data was collected, his study was an evaluation of Yerkes' IQ test. Yerkes' IQ test was used to collect quantitative data, which was used to assess the intelligence of each army recruit in order to give each man a suitable position in the army. There were three tests, an army alpha test for literate recruits, an army beta test, which was a pictorial exam for illiterate recruits and those who failed the alpha test and finally an individual exam for those who failed the beta test. Each army recruit was given a grade from E- to A+ based on his score. Yerkes' IQ test was later used to grade entire nations intelligence based on the IQ scores of immigrants. Hraba & Grant's study was investigating racial preference and identification. They too collected quantitative data. They used a set of four dolls, two black and two white. The subjects were 160 children from Lincoln, Nebraska, aged between four and eight. They were asked eight questions about the dolls, which were intended to indicate racial preference and identification e.g. 'give me the doll that looks nice'. They then recorded the dolls chosen in total for each question and the race of the child (89 were black, 71 white). They compared this data to Clark & Clark's to see how changes in societies attitudes affects children's racial identity and
Quantitative and qualitative economic data
A level Essay Q5 O/N 07 The chairman of a national bank stated "It is important to rely on a range of qualitative and quantitative data to assess the economic health of the nation" Explain what data might be employed in this assessment and discuss how useful it is likely to be (25) Quantitative data is the use of numerical statistics to describe economic phenomena. It would use numbers to show trends, patterns and analysis of the economic health of the nation. Qualitative data would be data that relied on other factors or descriptors to describe the trends, patterns and analysis of the economic health of the nation. The first thing to state is that it is highly unlikely that the there would be simply quantitative data or qualitative data. The likelihood is that both data would be used together and the range of this qualitative and quantitative data would increase the clarity of the economic assessment of the nation. The most important data to be measured would be that which measured the standard of living in a country. Here it is beneficial to use a range of quantitative as well as qualitative data. This is because even though GDP or GNP may measure an economies output or income levels it does not measure the standard of living within the economy or the disparities between rich and poor. Economic growth does not necessarily mean improvements in the standard of
Sports Fan Research - qualitative and quantitative methodologies.
Understanding Society - Assessment Sports Fan Research - qualitative and quantitative methodologies Sports fan research normally consists as either qualitative or more often quantitative methodologies. In this work the strengths and weaknesses of the above will be discussed and may produce the argument that a single methodology may not be as strong as possibly using mixed methodologies. It consists of cognitive, affective, and behavioural components. Most existing work has tended to favour quantitative methodologies. (Such as Branscombe & Wann, SNCCFR). King has researched the qualitative method. There's little or no research which actually combine the two methodologies. "The choice of research design must be appropriate to the subject under investigation" (Patton). So the nature of sports fandom will have implications for the choice of suitable methodology. Branscombe & Wann stress that cognitive and affective, as well as behavioural components are significant. This dimension is also noted by other authors, such as Pooley, pg 14, who says that: "whereas a spectator of sport will observe a spectacle and forget it very quickly, the fan continues his interest until the intensity of feeling toward the team becomes so great that parts of every day are devoted to either his team or in some instances, to the broad realm of the sport itself." Quantitative research is
Paper 3- Qualitative V. Quantitative research methods
IB Question: Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative data. Throughout the years, there have been many debates as to whether or not experiments should use qualitative as opposed to quantitative research methods. In order for one to decide their viewpoint on the matter, one must first know the clear differences of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research explores attitudes, behavior, and experiences by asking the participant open-ended questions which require an in-depth, opinionated answers. On the other hand, quantitative research generates statistics through the use of predetermined questions with fixed answer choices, such as yes/no questionnaires. Each type of method has its own significant use and whether or not one is more appropriate than the other has much to do with the type of experiment being conducted. Key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods include their analytical objectives, the questions they employ, the data instruments they use, the forms of data they produce, and most importantly, the degree of flexibility within the study design. The objective of quantitative research methods are primarily to predict casual relationships, describe characteristics of a population, and to quantify variation, whereas the purpose of qualitative research methods include to describe and explain relationships, to
Quantitative Research. Unlike qualitative research, which has to do with words, quantitative research is about numbers and the methods of obtaining those numbers. I have found that so far I have learned a lot by comparing qualitative to quantitative resea
Learning Summary 1 In Bryman and Teevan's textbook, Quantitative Research is described as "entailing the collection of numerical data, a deductive relationship between theory and research, a predilection for a natural science approach (and of positivism in particular), an an objectivist conception of social reality" (50). Unlike qualitative research, which has to do with words, quantitative research is about numbers and the methods of obtaining those numbers. I have found that so far I have learned a lot by comparing qualitative to quantitative research methods to understand each of them better. One very important aspect I have learned so far is that asking questions is very important. Having questions leads to having a theory which is the first step in quantitative research. Because quantitative research is starts with a deductive process, the theory must emerge before any actual research (15). From there, a research design can be set in motion. Research design, whether you use experimental, cross-sectional, longitudinal, or a case study, is what is used to answer a research question, and from there, you are able to choose a research method. This is a very important step because without a research design, there is no real way to determine the best research method to use. Before this class, I had always thought that you had a question, then you give out a survey, then you
Research Methodology - Quantitative and Qualitative methods.
Research Methodology * QUANTITATIVE METHODS ~ the approach concerned with obtaining numerical information which can be analysed using statistics * Descriptive ~ statistics which summarise and describe data * Inferential ~ allow the user to make judgments about probability or the likelihood of getting a particular set of scores by chance . Require the researcher to define items to be measured in advance and to control the situation 2. Therefore used in experiments where it's possible to test a hypothesis under rigorous controlled conditions 3. Aim => to establish cause and effect relationships 4. Experiments result in high levels of reliability (same results repeatedly) but often have problems with validity (answers the research question) * QUALITATIVE METHODS ~ the approach concerned with the meaning of the information as the most important thing to consider * Not so concerned with numerical and statistical data but descriptive statistics may be used * The methods allow greater freedom for the subjects of the research to determine the information gathered - so, quality and richness of information is often greater * Reliability is often much harder to achieve * The commonest techniques include questionnaires, case studies and interviews ‡ Triangulation ~ using several different methods to collect the data . You can look at a topic from different perspectives
Discuss the difference between Quantitative and Qualitative research methods.
Louise Riddell - 0014332 SO113 - Social Research Methods and Study Skills RESIT REASSESSMENT COURSEWORK Discuss the difference between Quantitative and Qualitative research methods. Social research methods can be divided into two main branches or schools quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research involves measuring quantities of things, usually numerical quantities. Qualitative research involves assessing the quality of things. These research methods used by sociologists in data gathering. Both methods have their limitations and differences. Quantitative research methods are concerned with empirical research, this is designed for statistical analysis. Qualitative research methods on the other hand are not. Instead they enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. All research whether quantitative or qualitative are based on assumptions about what can be considered as "valid" research, and what research methods are deemed appropriate. When wanting to find out about, how people may vote then quantitative methods such as a social survey may be deemed an appropriate choice. On the other hand when studying peoples life histories or everyday behaviour qualitative methods are favoured. Less practical questions arise when you choose between quantitative and qualitative methods. The person doing the research has to remember that they are evaluated
strength and limitations of quantitative and qualitative data
Lekha Ravichandran Class #3 2/19/09 Discuss the strength and limitations of quantitative and qualitative data in supporting knowledge claims in the human sciences and at least one other area of knowledge. Human sciences (such as psychology, economics, anthropology, sociology, etc.) attempt to understand human behavior and seek to learn more about human nature. But our behaviors are often times unpredictable and tricky to interpret due to our language, reason, free will, and creativity. So to what extent can we apply scientific principles to discover more about human actions? How accurate are the conclusions we make based on the data we collect? What factors might affect the consistency of our data? We must ask ourselves and consider these questions when striving to determine the degree to which our quantitative and qualitative data can be deemed reliable. There are many limitations involved when trying to study humans since we are complex, self-conscious beings. There is no absolute certainty that can be achieved when trying to reach conclusions. Deciding upon the laws that we believe to govern our actions has proven to be complex and troublesome. Despite all these issues, and although many people might argue in defense of free-will, experience and other practices have shown us that many of our actions are in fact, very predictable. Still, I believe that when it comes to
Why sociologists choose either quantitative or qualitative research method?
A) Why sociologists choose either quantitative or qualitative research method? Quantitative research method is data in statistical form, positivist sociologists tend to use this method. Quantitative research method can be a primary or a secondary research method depending on how it is used. It can be secondary data if the person doing the research uses materials that are already collected by organizations, government officials and individual people. Etc. it can also be referred to as primary data because the secondary data is collected and put together by someone. Sociologists feel that using quantitative method is a lot easier than qualitative because of the availability of information from various places, such as; the Internet, library, institution, etc are all easy to obtain. This is one of the main reasons why sociologists (researchers) use secondary data. Many sociologists are limited in what they can do because of the lack of funds given to them; however in that situation they are likely to choose quantitative research method because it is much cheaper. Sociologists choose quantitative research method because it allows you to test your hypothesis. Emile Durkheim (1897) was a positivist's sociologist who believes that showing a statistical data on a research is valid because it is a social fact. He used statistics to test his hypothesis, "Suicide is caused by lack of
Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative approaches to research methodology.
Title: Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative approaches to research methodology. It is within human nature and instinct to be aware and to seek an understanding of the natural occurrences within our environment. Therefore it can be said, in order to attain the understanding of the unknown, we must go through specific processes of experiences, reasoning and research (Mouly, 1978 cited in Cohen, L and Manion J, 2000). This brings to light the importance of research within our daily existence, where research is not just looked upon as a practical exercise, more however as an abstract tool with a view to perceive and understand the world in which we live in and how we interpret the knowledge but most importantly how we analyse the purpose of understanding. As 'To understand is hard. Once one understands, action is easy.' (San Yat Sen, cited in Cohen, L and Manion J, 2000) The purpose of research can be seen upon as to explore the information within our environment and consider their viability and effectiveness and whether these can add value for learners to the whole experience. Research Methodologies engage in methods of investigation and sampling techniques, researchers mainly use two types of research to obtain their information, firstly Primary data; this is where information is collected independently, Primary sources refer to specific materials
