Erosion and Deposition takes place at distinctive locations. Discuss.

Erosion and Deposition takes place at distinctive locations. Discuss. Erosion is defined as the removal of soil, sediment, and rock fragments from the landscape. More commonly erosion is the wearing away of land. Most landscapes show obvious evidence of erosion. Erosion is responsible for the creation of hills and valleys. It removes sediments from areas that were once glaciated, shapes the shorelines of lakes and coastlines, and transports material downslope from elevated sites. The river uses transport in material to erode away at banks and beds. As the velocity of the river increases so to does the load, which increases erosion. There are four different types of erosion; these are attrition, hydraulic action, corrosion and corrasion. Attrition is the process where by rocks collide with each other and break up into smaller pieces. Hydraulic action is the force of water on river bank which undercuts and removes material. Corrosion is related to the chemical composition of the water and corrasion is when rocks bounce against side and bottom of river and break off more material. Deposition is a landform formed from the deposition of weathered and eroded surface materials. On occasion, these deposits can be compressed, altered by pressure, heat and chemical processes to become sedimentary rocks. This includes landforms with some of the following geomorphic features:

  • Word count: 1196
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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River study of the River Bride.

Mouth of the River Bride 1937 - the river finds its way through the shingle on the beach River Survey of the River Bride Introduction On Friday 9th of May we ventured to Osmington Bay in Dorset. We went to Dorset in order to conduct a river study of the River Bride. The undertaking of a river study was for Geography Coursework that would contribute to our final GCSE mark. We spent the first day studying the River Bride, specifically 10 sites from the source to the mouth representing changes in the river. The River Bride was chosen because of its array of river features. These include: River cliffs Meanders Slip Off Slopes Vegetation Springs Tributary Old River Channel It was easy to see why the River Bride was chosen as it embraced all those features listed above situated in the same place. It gave us a chance to test a vast array of hypothesis in the same day. SOUTH-WEST ENGLAND DORSET COASTLINE COASTLINE RIVER BRIDE AREA Background Information The majority of the catchment area for the River Bride is the Bride Valley. The valley runs east-west and as a result the river runs parallel to the coast, generally an unexpected phenomenon. The hills creating the valley reach over 180m in height. They are made of Bridport sandstones and limestones lying over Gault and Wealden Clay, creating a set of springs. The river itself falls 100m over the 12.75km

  • Word count: 2394
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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River Investigation

Introduction Aims . To find out how channel characteristics such as width, depth, area, efficiency, gradient and bedload change downstream? 2. To find out how flow characteristics, such as velocity and discharge change downstream? Having studied rivers to a great extent at GCSE and A level I have decided to carry out a study on river processes and characteristics. I have chosen the River Brett as the location for my study due to its large drainage basin and varying stream orders, enabling me to carry out a wide ranging investigation. The River Brett is a tributary off the river Stour in Suffolk. The river Brett's total length is 100 km. Hypotheses In this investigation I am going to prove the following Hypotheses: ) All of the river dimensions will increase downstream e.g. width, depth, area and radius. 2) All of the flow characteristics will increase downstream such as velocity and discharge due to a wider and deeper river. 3) Bedload size and shape will decrease downstream. Background and Theory of river processes . Hydrological Cycle 2. River Processes - Erosion Deposition Transportation 3. Other Factors affecting a river Erosional Processes Erosion is a process whereby material carried by the river wears away the bed and banks. It causes the river dimensions to become wider and deeper, or in the case of river material, smaller and rounder

  • Word count: 915
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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My aim is to collect data by taking various readings and measurements from the River Conwy to give valid proof of different river processes such as attrition, abrasion and deposition.

Introduction Aims & Objectives The River Conwy is a rural river in North Wales. Its source is situated in Snowdonia National park and it flows northerly into an estuary where it meets the Irish Sea. My aim is to collect data by taking various readings and measurements from the River Conwy to give valid proof of different river processes such as attrition, abrasion and deposition. I chose to investigate four factors from source to mouth. My year group and I decided to make five stops so we can note any gradual changes rather than just recording data at two stops. The factors I am studying are: . Depth 2. Width 3. Speed of flow 4. Size of sediment We made five different stops along the river which are indicated on the map below. Hypothesis I predict that as I travel nearer to the mouth; the width, depth and speed of flow will increase while the sediment size will decrease. I think this because as a river flows towards its mouth many tributaries join it as they drain the basin and this increasing volume of water is one cause of the river becoming wider and deeper. Also, these tributaries add to the rivers load causing more abrasion to occur. The speed of flow should be slow in the upper course of a river because there are more large boulders and rocks causing obstructions and increasing the surface area in contact with the river therefore producing friction. Whereas

  • Word count: 2785
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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The River Landscape.

Hayley Pearcy. 11Gio GEOGRAPHY COURSEWORK: THE RIVER LANDSCAPE. Question 3. I have identified a meander as the first feature of my sketch. There are many meanders shown along the part of the river shown in this photo. I am describing the one that comes first as the river enters the page at the forefront of the picture. Here the river flows what looks to be straight and then it turns back on itself to form the beginning of another meander. On one side of the meander there is a break of slope, a river cliff. It is quite large and the soil exposed is fairly sandy (milstone grit) and contains fragments of white rock that could be limestone. This soil has clearly been slipping down, as at the base of the cliff there are fragments of this rock littering the side of the river some of these rocks may have been deposited from further upstream. The sandy soil will probably have been carried away by the flow of the river. On the opposite side of the meander there is an area of flat land. This is the slip-off slope of the meander. Unlike the river cliff side, the slip off slope side is covered in grassy vegetation. The thickness of this vegetation increases, as it gets closer to the river. There is a very visible band showing these two thicknesses. The second feature that I have highlighted is the scar. This is an area of the valley side that has collapsed to expose the

  • Word count: 1789
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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The river Tees

What evidence is there that the river Tees has a upper and lower course? The Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 87 miles (137 km) to the North Sea, between Hartlepool and Redcar. It drains an area of 708 square miles (1834 square km), and subsumes no important tributaries. The river formed the boundaries between the historic counties of County Durham and Yorkshire. At its lower reaches it now forms the boundary between the ceremonial counties of County Durham and North Yorkshire. Like most rivers, the River Tee has an upper and lower course. The upper course is the start of the river. This is known as the source. The upper course is typically steep and straight with lots of fast flowing water. The source of the River Tees starts is journey in Cumbria at 600 metres above sea level. A succession of falls or rapids, where the river traverses a hard series of black basaltic rocks, is called "Cauldron Snout". From a point immediately below this to its mouth, the Tees forms the boundary between the traditional counties of Durham and Yorkshire almost without a break, although since 1974 much of it lies wholly in Durham. The dale becomes bolder below Cauldron Snout, and trees appear, contrasting with the broken rocks where the water dashes over High Force. These materials are materials

  • Word count: 677
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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River channel processes.

Geography revision. RIVER CHANNEL PROCESSES How are things transported in a river? - SUSPENSION, this is where solid particles are suspended in the river - TRACTION. This is where the bedload is rolled along the bottom of river by the force of the water above it. - SOLUTION. This is when chemicals, e.g. co2 dissolve in the water and are transported while dissolved in the river. - SALTATION. This is when rocks bounce along each other, thus being transported done the river. The amount of sediment shifted depends on these factors, - NATURE OF BED AND BANKS. Is the river cutting loose gravel or solid rock. Is it travelling over chalk or limestone? - FLOW OF THE RIVER. The speed at which river flows through its channel. If its flows are constant or do they fluctuate. - HUMAN INTERVENTION. If a dam has been built or not. What erosional processes do rivers go through. - CORRASION (is abrasion). This is when the particles that are suspended within the river rub against the bed or bank, wearing them down. - SOLUTION. This is when the minerals dissolved in the water reaction with the bed or banks. E.g. co2 dissolved in the water can form a weak acid and therefore eat away at limestone etc. - HYDRAULIC ACTION. This is used when referring to the sheer force of the water hitting the bed and banks. This type of erosion is particularly abundant at waterfalls. What controls

  • Word count: 3594
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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River Processes Revision Notes and Questions.

River processes (Page 6-7) Erosion can affect the length, Depth and Width of a river Vertical erosion deepens river channels. It happens in the upper stages of a river. Lateral erosion makes the river wide. This happens in the middle and lower stages of a river. Headward erosion makes the river longer. It happens near a rivers source as throughflow and surface runoff causes erosion at the point the water enters the river channel. . Hydraulic Action – the pressure of the water breaks rock particles away from the bed and the banks. Its strongest in rapids and waterfalls and during floods. 2. Abrasion (Corrasion) – eroded pieces of rock in the water scrape and rub against banks, removing material. Most erosion occurs this way. 3. Attrition – eroded rock smash into each other and break into smaller fragments. Their edges get rounded off as they rub together. Attrition doesn’t erode the bed and banks, just makes rock in river smaller and rounded. 4. Cavitation – air bubbles in turbulent stretches of water implode causing shockwaves that break pieces off the banks and bed 5. Corrosion (solution) - the dissolving of rock by chemical proces. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form a weak acid, which reacts with rock like limestone and chalk, breaking them down. Transportation Deposition: process of dropping ERODED material Occours when the river loses

  • Word count: 2062
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Ways the Coast Is Affected By Erosion, Deposition and Transportation From the Sea.

Aim The aim of this coursework is to find out the ways the coast is affected by erosion, deposition and transportation from the sea. The hypothesis that we are looking at is that: "The coastline at Cuckmere Haven is dominated by processes of deposition" If this hypothesis were proven to be true then we would expect to find long shore drift, spits and bays. Prediction I predict that the process of deposition will shape the coastline of Cuckmere Haven but not only deposition takes place but erosion has another big affect on the beach and cliffs. Background We travelled to Cuckmere Haven, which is located in the south of England. The site is around 6 miles to the west of Eastbourne, and 20 miles east of Brighton. We visited this site on Thursday 5th of July 2001. Cuckmere Haven is an estuary at the point where the river of Cuckmere meets the sea. A gap is formed between the chalk cliffs to the east and west. The famous "seven sisters" are located at east of Cuckmere Haven. This coast was a popular place because it is a perfect site to show long shore drift and affects of erosion on the cliffs that contain hard rocks and soft rocks. This coast is a good place for our coursework because it has not been affected by tourist development therefore the place has stayed natural. According to the book called: "Longman Geography for GCSE (1997) written by Vincent Bruce" At

  • Word count: 620
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Describe the Course of a River

The Course of a River A river is fresh water flowing across the surface of the land, usually to the sea. It flows in a channel. The bottom of a river is called the bed, and the sides of a river are called banks. There are three parts of a river, the upper course (The start of the river), the middle course (The middle part of the river) and the lower course (The end of the river). All rivers start at the source. This is usually up in the hilly ground. This means that there is a steep gradient which causes fast flow. As the water is flowing faster, more erosion occurs. Erosion is when the water, as it is flowing, it wears away the land. This is why you find V-shaped valleys. Transportation is another process that happens due to the water flowing fast. Transportation is when the river carries along with its current, materials such as mud and pebbles which have been eroded. At this point pot holes can be formed. A pot hole is formed by pebbles swirling around on the river bed. This action erodes the river bed therefore forming a hole. Over time, these pot holes can join with other pot holes till eventually the whole river bed is deepened. In the upper course, waterfalls can be formed. They are formed when the river flows over the hard rock. Where the water flows over soft rock, it erodes the softer rock away. Over time, it gets more and more eroded due to the water flowing on

  • Word count: 596
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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