Summary of the rural planning and sustainable rural development

Summary of the rural planning and sustainable rural development The book tried to analyse the policies and approaches used by southeast Asian countries in response to the changing rural-urban relation, it suggested that rural and urban problems cannot be treated separately because urban problems are usually rooted in unsatisfactory rural plannings. Developing countries have experienced rapid urbanisation since 1950s, planners have tried to develop policies to enhance economic growth and development. During the process of transformation, traditional rural-urban relations are often be distorted. Besides, new technologies and urban-based industrialisation strategies brought out a polarised dichotomies between large cities and rural areas, in relation to demographic, economic and political characteristics, for examples difference in salaries, functions and infrastructures. Although urban expansion facilitated urban industrialisation and rural-to-urban migration, urban dominance and ever-increasing population pressure gived rise to the aggravation of landlessness, rural poverty and environmental degradation. In response to this situation, many Asian countries in the seventies have adopted a rural-based regional strategy to reduce regional growth disparities and promote subordinate rural development. Nevertheless, critics claimed for a more balanced approach thought that the

  • Word count: 2505
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Social studies
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The historical rural development of China.

For many developing countries that are not endowed with abundant natural resources like oil, coal, metal, and minerals - agriculture is their means of support. Sustainable agriculture is essential for future development in industry and urbanization. In order for agricultural growth to happen, one must possess the following resources: land, labor, capital and other essential inputs, such as fertilizers. Before embarking on full-scale agricultural production, one must have total control of the most important agricultural input -- the water supply; which is most often controlled via irrigation canals. Furthermore, a solid and uncorrupt political environment is crucial before such projects can even take place. China is one such developing country; with roughly 900 million of its inhabitant settled in rural areas, is very much concerned with its rural development and the need to sustain a Country with over 1 billion people. The context in which we will concentrate is the historical rural development of China. In contrast with Japan, China has a very complex history of rural development and economic growth. Agricultural development in country with a massive population and so little land per capita is indeed a complicated feat. However, China's rural development is the poster child for other developing countries to remain optimistic - agricultural development is not an

  • Word count: 1154
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Rural development: Strategy for incorporating it into India's overall economic development agenda.

Paper on Rural development: Strategy for incorporating it into India's overall economic development agenda. Presented By Anant A. Tapadia PGDCM class of 2005 Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Contact me at: H3-306, Ramanujan Hall IIMC, Diamond Harbor road Joka, Kolkata- 700012 Email id: [email protected] Phone: 033-34014321 Executive summary The rural economy, as much as urban economy, is an integrated part of the overall Indian economy. Any talk of overall development without rural development is flawed and unsustainable as far as India is concerned. If we consider these as two parts of the overall national structure and try to understand the effects different policies have on them and so on the overall economy (measured by development indicators), we will realize that efforts put in one area will not necessarily mean endangering the other. There is an interrelationship between the rural and urban development and so if we frame our policies properly, invest wisely and utilize resources efficiently then there can be an all round development. There is an imbalance in the way the Indian economy functions presently. The main reason for it is that resources are being transferred from urban economy to rural economy just for short term political motives. This is affecting both areas, not letting rural economy develop on its own and hampering growth and

  • Word count: 2718
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Rural Regeneration

Recreation and Regeneration: Rural Case Studies Level 3 Semester B 2008 Helen Farrell (Unit Coordinator) REC 3046 Name: (Mark Hughes) Student ID: (050739909) Abstract The purpose of this report is to assess the development and regeneration potential of Swinderby Airbase. The current site has presented an irresistible opportunity to create a rural development within the area. The intended land of development consists of 5.85sqKm of land and a perimeter of 9.85Km which provides an ideal location for a recreational facility. The development will intend to benefit the local community through social and economic impacts. Two and a half million of the people that are currently on low incomes households live in rural districts. Rural regeneration can provide the local community with numerous benefits towards enhancing their standard of life and access to services. The benefits come within three main aspects of community strength. These include economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits. The Centre Parc project will produce many socio benefits that will have an overall impact upon the community's quality of life. Through this report the development of Swinderby Parc will be intensively analysed. .0 Introduction 5. 2.0 Need for Rural Regeneration 7. 2.1 Introduction 7. 2.2 Overview of Rural Poverty

  • Word count: 8449
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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China Rural Poverty

China Rural Poverty After Deng Xiaoping took over the power, he imposed a lot of policies to change the economic, social and political structure. The first thing that Deng insisted to do was to improve the economic growth. But the lack of concern with the rural area brings China the decline in output and income of the peasants which widened the gap between the coastal and interior areas. In the articles "Economic growth, income inequality and poverty in China under economic reforms", the author described the improvement under Deng's policies. In "Reducing Absolute Poverty in China", fundamental problems in education and health care aspects which remained unsolved were introduced. During these few years, the government put a great effort in minimizing the rural poverty situation and there was a significant change in the rural area. There was no doubt that China has improved from time to time, although rural poverty is always a problem for the government, they start to have better plans to implement compare to the Mao and Deng eras. Yao's article, "Economic growth, income inequality and poverty in China under economic reforms", analyzed the failure of the Deng's policy. Because most poor people lived in the rural areas, Deng decided to reform agriculture first before reforming the urban and industrial sectors. The household production responsibility system was

  • Word count: 2073
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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LEDC Rural Migration

LEDC Rural Migration Monze Depopulation Monze is a small village situated in the South of Zambia in between the capital Lusaka and Livingstone. Monze is experiencing depopulation, especially with young people leaving, due to shortages f land and economic activity. However rural to urban migration hasn't happened recently in the past people have migrated to towns with copper mines and commercial farming. The reserve areas in Monze were intended to by colonial administration. These would provide cheap labour for farms of the European settlers located in areas call crown land. These areas would provide income for African people. Some European settlers kept commercial farming between 200 to 5,000 hectares, however some were sold to African people with sizes of 2 to 25 hectares. However these areas were neglected as mining was seen as the main economic activity development and agriculture was used for cheap food and a source of labour. Another reasons for depopulation was a lack of economic development, as the small farms had little investment resulting in low productivity and therefore low incomes. This has resulted in young people leaving Monze to look for work in commercial farms and mines, resulting in an ageing population. The migrating people also hope of acquiring leases for commercial farms. However many people who are migrating to urban areas will not find employment

  • Word count: 452
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Rural vs. Cities

Rural vs. Cities By 1920, USA's history was only 140 years old. The country was also known, as the "melting point" because of all the different nationalities that migrated to search for the ultimate "American dream". This was the result of its development in such a short period of time. Ultimately this led to conflicts, which rose in the 1920's between the traditional small town members, usually Anglo-Saxon, and the people living in a new urbanistic and cosmopolitan city. As a last attempt by the people in small-town and rural America to turn the clock back, measures such as: prohibition, fundamentalist religion and racism were taken. Who would dominate American culture: the modernists or maybe the traditionalists? The first measure to be adopted by Congress was the Emergency Quota Act in 1921, which imposed quantitative restrictions on immigration setting a limit of 357,000 a year. In 1924 The National Origins Act of 1924 caused a further slope not only reducing immigration to 165,000 per year but cutting quotas to 2% of the number of each national group in the US in 1890. 86% of the quotas were set apart to the countries of northern and western Europe. The Western Hemisphere was freed from the restrictions, largely because powerful Southwestern economic interests were dependent on Mexican labor. The Act prohibited immigration from most Asian countries. These measures were

  • Word count: 919
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: History
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Explain why the pressure for development on rural land on the edge of cities remains great in both MEDCs and LEDCs.

Explain why the pressure for development on rural land on the edge of cities remains great in both MEDCs and LEDCs. David J Mothersole 12BS Introduction There are still many different pressures on development on rural land on the edge of cities on both MEDCs and LEDCs, yet these are not the same pressures. In LEDCs it is usually because it is the easiest and least crowded land for the continuing influxes of rural to urban migrants to build squatter settlements on, while in MEDCs, in the is the attractiveness of living in the "countryside" and still having an easy to commute into work, causing the rich to move out of the inner city and into the suburb. The main pressure in both LEDCs and MEDCs is the demand for houses/land on the rural land on the edge of the city, due to increased migration from other places, usually common in LEDCs, but also found in MEDCs, and also the simple migration from inner city to suburb found in MEDCs. Pressures for development on rural land on the edge of cities are still great in MEDCs The United Kingdom is an obvious example of the great pressures for development on rural land still. This is because since the 1970s there has been a great move towards home ownership and private housing estates, which was formally renting council accommodation in the 1960s. This change since the 1970s is largely due to the preference of people to have a house

  • Word count: 1354
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Harefield Urban or Rural?

'Harefield Is A Rural Settlement': Discuss Harefield is a settlement placed a few miles between the towns of Uxbridge (4 miles), Ruislip (5 miles), Northwood (3 miles), Harrow and Watford (both 8 miles), Slough (10 miles) and Central London (13 miles). Technically, as Harefield isn't that far away from those towns, it isn't a rural settlement (Index of Rurality). However I shall discuss that later. The characteristics of Harefield as a settlement are a mixture of rural and urban factors; it has wide open spaces and is surrounded by fields, but it is also built up in some places and has a high street. Harefield has mainly small country lanes as its means of transport, which suggests rural, but then it is on a main road, and has lots of transport facilities; at least three buses run through it, and a true rural settlement would usually have only one or two bus routes through, and once or twice a week at that, not the regular service that it actually has. I am discussing whether Harefield is or isn't a rural settlement. This subject is difficult to land on a yes or a no, as Harefield has a wide mixture of both urban and rural characteristics. To help me decide on one or the other I shall apply the Index of Rurality to Harefield. The Index of Rurality was created by a man called P. Cloke (1977). It is constructed of the factors Cloke thought would tell whether a settlement was

  • Word count: 964
  • Level: GCSE
  • Subject: Geography
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Comparing Three Rural Environments

Comparing Three Rural Environments There are many different types of rural environments across the world. In many rural areas its easy to distinguish those that are very remote with those that are only partially rural and in some it's not so easy. Therefore, it's evident that many rural environments differ and for a number of reasons. To look further into the subject we are comparing three rural areas in very different locations. These are Dani Village in Indonesia, Lynford House Farm in Cambridgeshire, England and the Swiss Alps. We will compare how the economic factors, accessibility, physical landscape and culture of the three environments contrast and differ. Firstly, looking at the economic factors of why the three areas are different we find that both the Swiss Alps and Cambridgeshire are in MEDCs, whereas Indonesia is a LEDC. This effects how the areas are different greatly as the more financially stable countries will be more urbanised and developed compared to the rural areas in LEDCs. All three of the rural areas are used for farming but each has it's own way of farming: * Dani is mostly made up of subsistence farms, farms that produce just enough food to live on and to sell small amounts. Fields are worked by hand and is how the villagers earn a living. Rarely would there be very many animals but a few animals used for their produce and meat would be found in the

  • Word count: 743
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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