The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Vu Tran-Nguyen C03, Katie Payerle Final Paper: [MMW5 - WIN04] 3/11/04 The Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution During the period of 1760-1850, Great Britain experienced a phenomenon that earned it the title "the workshop of the world" (Ward 22). It was an incident characterized by the rise of machine-powered factories, technological advances, an increase in population with a decline of agricultural population, and the expansion of trade. These are the characteristics of the Industrial Revolution, defined by Arnold Toynbee to be the "substitution of competition for the medieval regulation" (Toynbee 1, 58). Adam Smith envisioned it to be an economy free of government interference, driven by forces of competition and the nature of human greed. Smith's ideas were published in the book The Wealth of Nations, and these ideas manifested to produce the characteristics seen by the Industrial Revolution. Therefore, it is implied, if not apparent, that one of the causes that led to the rise of the Industrial Revolution of 1760-1850 was the manifestation of the ideas Smith put forth to achieve wealth and productivity for a nation. The process of industrialization, however, resulted social effects that concern the standard of living of the working class. Opponents to the Industrial Revolution, dubbed "pessimists" (Doty 5), feel that "the effects of the Industrial
The Industrial revolution and its impact on sport.
The Industrial revolution and its impact on sport. The industrial revolution was a time when power driven machinery was used in the process of production. In the eighteenth century all of Western Europe began to industrialize rapidly, but Britain was the most highly accelerated. This had a large affect one Sport in Britain. Many changes that may seem far from related to sport had a direct effect on how sport was played, when sport was played, and how much more sport was integrated into everyday life. Firstly, transport was developed quickly to help people commute from their homes to their place of work. This helped towns and cities grow, and it also helped sport spread. County or league teams now had the means with which to travel to different towns and play teams from all over the country. This meant that more people could see sport. This was helpful in encouraging people, which would increase participation levels. The ability to travel quickly and conveniently between towns and cities improved sporting contacts - it is no coincidence that county cricket grounds, for instance, are all situated in places with good rail connections. As teams travelled and played all over the country, people found that rules in certain areas were different. This caused confusion for many participants, so the next logical stage in sport was to form unified rules and governing bodies. In
Industrial revolution
What were the most important causes of the industrial revolution? The term 'Industrial Revolution' usually applies to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than the everyday tools people used. It is used to refer primarily to the period in British history from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century. As time moves on and the years go by, mankind introduces new discoveries and inventions to our world. All of these inventions are designed to make our lives much easier so we can continue developing our lifestyle and everyday life. The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere rose, which made working conditions pretty tough, and the number of women and children working increased. The year was 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or England's economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution "The industrial revolution is precisely the expansion of undeveloped forces, the sudden growth and blossoming of seeds which had for years lain hidden or asleep." Paul Mantoux's quote regarding the industrial revolution is used to describe the range of different phenomena that constituted this watershed moment in British, European and world history. This is because the industrial revolution cannot be pigeon-holed. It was not a government policy and none of what occurred politically, socially, culturally or economically in Britain between 1780 and 1914 came from design but rather was the result of a historical accident of a sequence of key factors all occurring during the same timeframe. The period represented a transition from early modern history to modernity, with many of the social and economic ills that arrest much of the contemporary world today first acted out in the newly industrialised areas of the UK in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The industrial revolution affected the entire structure of British society, from the monarchy to the previously numerically dominant peasant classes, from agricultural workers to merchants. There is no doubt that a momentous shift had taken place: the far-reaching legacy of the changes that occurred during the period 1780 and 1914 culminated in the Great War where the casualty figures soared into the
The Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution 'the Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects' Harold Perkin In Britain about two hundred years ago, great changes took place in making goods and transport which has moulded the way our world works today. These changes made big differences to many people's lives and work. This great change in the way people lived is called the Industrial Revolution. It was revolutionary because it changed the productive capacity of England, Europe and the United States. But the revolution was something more than just new machines, factories, increased productivity and an increased standard of living. It was a revolution which transformed English, European and American society down to its roots. Like the Reformation or the French Revolution no one was left unaffected. Everyone was touched in one way or another (add). The Industrial Revolution implied that man now had not only the opportunity and the knowledge but the physical means to restrain nature. No other revolution in modern times can be said to have gifted so much in so little time. The Industrial Revolution attempted to affect man's mastery over nature. England was the birthplace of this revolution, because the political and economic conditions were ideal. The origins of
Primary Sources and Social Change in the industrial revolution
ASSIGNMENT 2 Primary Sources and Social Change The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the standard of living of working class people is, and has been frequently debated. There is a mass of primary and secondary sources of evidence from the time of the Industrial Revolution available to support differing views of the debate, and there are also many novels available that were written at the time which criticise industrial society, but the difficulty of assessing the total impact of industrialisation upon a population, is how to measure the changes in standard of living. We can look at changes in wages, the changing cost of food, rent and clothing, the impact of the factory systems, or the demographic changes to the society, but it is extremely difficult to weigh up one change against another. If we look at wage data to assess the standard of living, the problem is that payment in kind is not recorded. Agricultural workers for example, would be compensated for their low wages with farm produce, free fuel or subsidised rents, and wages only reflect the living standards of the employed. A wider variety of sources need to be employed in looking at the standard of living debate, for example whilst working class in urban districts seem to have enjoyed higher wages, they also suffered higher rates of disease and mortality. The roles of women and children drastically changed
Industrial Revolution
Justine King Mr. Smith AP Euro Per. 7/8 3/1/09 DBQ- Industrial Rev. During the late 1700s Britain underwent dramatic changes as a result of the Industrial Revolution. Manchester was transformed from a rural, agricultural society to an urban industrial society. As illustrated in Doc. 1, Manchester experienced tremendous growth from 1750 to 1850. Manchester was now made up of mostly densely populated urban areas. As a result, the Industrial Revolution brought many huge social problems as well as economic benefits. The rapid growth and industrialization of Manchester caused many social problems. One of the many social problems was the concern of health and well being. The Lancet, a British medical journal by Thomas Wakley, compared the average age at deaths of rural districts to industrial districts. Doc. 8 showed that people in Manchester were living half as long as those in rural districts such as Ruthland and Bath. It is possible to question these statistics because they are being complied by a medical reformer who may have padded his to persuade more people to his cause. Edwin Chadwick, a public health reformer, in his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population of Great Britain, gives credence to the unhealthy conditions in Manchester. Chadwick implies that the annual loss of life from unhealthy conditions is greater than the deaths caused by modern
The second industrial revolution.
Introduction The First Industrial Revolution, as called in the narrower sense the revolution of coal and iron, started in Britain in the manufacture of textiles in the middle of seventeenth century. It implied the gradual extension of the use of machines, the employment of men, women, and children in factories, a fairly steady change from a population mainly of agriculture workers to a population mainly engaged in making things in factories and distributing them when they were made. By the mid nineteenth-century, Britain became the world's industrial leader--the "workshop of the world." After the age of coal and iron (the first industrial revolution), there came the following age of steel and electricity, of oil and chemicals. The second industrial revolution began around the last decade of the nineteenth century. It was far more deeply scientific, far less depended on the "inventions" of "practical" men with little if any basic scientific training. It was also far quicker in its impact, far more prodigious in its results and far more revolutionary in its effects on people's lives and outlook. The second industrial revolution was a new thing in human experience and it went on corresponded with the economic, social and political consequences it produced. Economical issues on Productivity and technology The second industrial revolution witnessed the growth in some
Industrial Revolution.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The rise of mechanical power and the capitalistic factory system occurring in the towns replacing the more traditional rural farm work and cottage industries, especially in England from roughly 1770s to 1830s. Sometimes called the English Revolution - to associate the social change it incurred with the French Revolution and American Revolution. However unlike the other two revolutions it was not always beneficial. Engels first used the term in 1844. Before the Industrial Revolution most of the Working Class lived in the country as farm labourers. In off-seasons some turned to nail making, weaving, and other product-making jobs to supplement their farm wages. This work was usually done in the living room of their cottages - in between growing their own food and attending to other family responsibilities. Once they had finished a product they then had to hawk it around the countryside looking for a buyer. Husbands, wives and children all worked from dawn to dusk at these tasks. Whenever they could afford to they would take holiday from this monotonous, energy-sapping and hazardous work. Injuries and permanent deformities were common. With the improvement of steam power and machines Capitalists built factories to concentrate the artisans into one location and had them work for set wages or piecemeal. This decreased the rural population and built up the
The Industrial Revolution.
Much negative and positive speculation has been said about the Industrial Revolution since its birth in the late 18th Century in Britain. The revolution was a unique and complex phenomenon, resulting in economical, social and political changes. J. Ellul commented that the optimistic atmosphere was the perfect breeding ground for such a revolution.1 The idea of progress would propel societies forward to a higher and a more stable plateau. Myths of human emancipation, urbanisation of cities and a democratic nation were heard. However, after the onset of the revolutionary change, the rumours of human freedom and happiness were unheard of again. Instead, the working class were forced into other forms of discipline and control. In this essay, we will examine the damaging aspects of the Industrial Revolution and how it impacted on the proletarians. Karl Marx described the core of modernity as involving many different aspects - one being the "emergence of a world market".2 The world market rapidly increases, obliterating all in its path, including that of the local and regional markets. Consequently, our desires and necessities become increasingly cosmopolitan, so much so, that local industries are incapable of producing commodities at such high demand and are forced to stop trading and move to the more populous cities to find alternative work3. Even this early on in the
