DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE CONTROL
DISCUSS THE CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS PARTICULARLY IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE CONTROL In complex organisms organs are united to form organ systems such as the digestive, reproductive, nervous and muscular systems. The fact that all of the organ systems generally work in a highly coordinated manner suggests strongly that organisms possess distinct physiological control mechanisms that make the coordination of such highly complex processes possible. One of the most interesting features of such control mechanisms is that they are built into the system to regulate it. The controls are self-adjusting and do not require constant monitoring from an outside agent. Such controls maintain the system in equilibrium. Maintaining a constant internal environment is a struggle which of course is one that every physiological system ultimately loses; death being the final failure of the bodies system. By internal environment we mean the immediate vacinity of the cells, mammalian tissue cells are surrounded by tiny channels and spaces filled with fluid, these provide the cells with the medium in which they have to live and this represents the organs internal environment. It must be kept constant if the cells are to continue their vital functions. The importance of preserving the internal environment, despite considerable fluctuations in the external environment was first pointed out by
Different Control Sensors
Ricki Lambert Control Technology Assignment 1 Task 2 In this assignment I shall be giving an outline to the different types of control sensors we get in control systems. There are many types but I shall be explaining a selected few, they are the control systems found within; a. Linear and Angular position control b. Pressure/force control. c. Temperature, light, humidity control d. Digital devices e.g. switches, relays etc Pressure Sensors The idea of a pressure sensor is to ultimately measure and monitor the pressure of either gasses or liquids. But, what is pressure? Well, pressure ultimately is an expression used to describe the process of the force that is used when restraining a gas or a liquid from expanding. It has a certain measurement normally in the force per unit area. When the pressure is measured it can be monitored in a number of ways, but, most typically it is done with an electrical signal. We can see many examples of pressure monitors/switches in appliances all over the world today. Pressure sensors are found in items such as cars and lifts. For example, a person walks up to a door and they wish for it to be opened on arrival, with a pressure switch located in the floor as soon as the pressure switch is activated the door will open, this form of switch will tend to require a form of displacement. Another example if where a pressure switch/monitor
Process Control
3B6 Mechatronics lab: Process Control In this lab one will examine the effects of a Proportional-plus-Integral-plus-Derivative (PID) control system and ascertain whether plotted data leads to stable, marginally stable or non-stable results. During the tests disturbances will be introduced by diverting the fluid flow through the cooler using the manual diverter valve or turning the manually controlled gate valve to restrict the fluid flow. Also a number of other tests will be done on heating water to a set temperature again using PID control system. By Eoin Kearney 07383002 Contents List Introduction pg 3 Theory pgs 4&5 Experimental Rig and Instrumentation pg 6 Results & Procedure pgs 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Discussion pg 13 Conclusion pg 14 References pg 14 Introduction The lab will be conducted using the basics of Proportional-plus-Integral-plus-Derivative (PID) control. A process control unit will be used to measure the effect of different control values with the use of a computer. The computer will also display the data graphically aiding in the fine tuning of parameters to improve performance. The Ziegler-Nichols method will be examined as an example of a fine tuning method. "The Ziegler-Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller. It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols. It is
P5- Explain the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose levels.
M. Ugiagbe Omi Chowdhury CU149521 Unit 5- Anatomy and physiology for Health and Social Care P5- Explain the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and blood glucose levels. In this assignment I will be explaining the concept of homeostasis with reference to the control of heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature and bloody glucose levels. Firstly, I will start this assignment off by explaining what homeostasis is. Homeostasis is the tendency toward a relatively stable equipoise between symbiotic elements, especially as maintained by functional processes. http://www.google.co.uk/#hl=en&q=homeostasis&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=sIhIUfPzGeiW0QWa5oHACw&sqi=2&ved=0CCwQkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&fp=4e753e884ed8bf36&biw=884&bih=537 A simple illustration of homeostasis is when we get really cold in winter, our body starts to shiver and by shivering the body maintains heat and warm us up. Another example may be that an individual may feel hot from doing an intense workout or simply walking in really hot heat, our bodies maintain homeostasis by sweating, this helps us to cool down and maintain body temperature. Negative feedback is the mechanism in which the body sustains conditions within specific perimeters. The body does this by conflicting an alteration that deviates from the norm. In other words, deviation
Control of homeostasis.
HOMEOSTASIS According to totora .......... Homeostasis can be defined as " the condition in which the body's internal environment remains constant, within physiological limits". Homeostasis is a dynamic condition as the body's equilibrium point can change over a narrow range that is compatible with maintaining life. E.g., the level of glucose in the blood does not normally fall below 70mg of glucose per 100ml of blood. Each body structure helps to contribute to keep the internal environment within its normal limits. For example, if the level of blood glucose within the drops then the body compensates it by using fats stores as a reserve supply of glucose Body fluids An important aspect of homeostasis is maintaining the volume and composition of body fluid. The fluid within cells is called intracellular fluid (ICF). The fluid outside the body cell is called extracelluar fluid (ECF). Dissolved in the ICF and ECF are substances needed to maintain life such as O2, nutrients, proteins and electrally charged ions. Bernard predicted - the proper functioning of the body depends on precise regulation of the composition of the surrounding fluids of cells, known as interstitial fluid (internal environment). The composition of interstitial fluid changes as substances move in and out of the cell. For example, there is an exchange of materials across the capillary walls. This
Sensing and control
VGCSE Assignment 4 Tasks 3-A/B sensing control There are hundred and millions of software's that use sensing and control. Companies need to use sensing and control. Otherwise computers will not be able to communicate with each other and we will not be able to live without the sensing and control program because it is an every day use. Sensing and control is mainly used to start and stop things without a human being there. An example of this would be traffic lights. They work automatically using sensors. Cameras use sensors to record what is going on. Speed cameras use sensors because when cars go over a limit of speed it takes pictures. This is where sensors are used. We need sensors because it I part of our every day live. This affects the company very widely and efficiently. Having sensors keeps order and peace among the people that we live among. It help the decrease of road accident and safety for the passer by's. This software fit into this organization because this software is all about sensing and control it widely helps the company and makes their lives much easier. Imagine if there were no traffic lights what do you think the cause would be? There would be accidents; there will be patience with in the public. What would happen when cars get to a crossing and there are no traffic lights BANG you get a big collision? We all depend on a little software that helps
Is biological pest control better than chemical pest control?
Is biological pest control better than chemical pest control? Food is vital for humans to survive, the population of the world is immense as it approaches 6 billion and all these humans need to be fed on a continual basis. Therefore, a large quantity of food needs to be produced rapidly and on a very large scale. Generally farmers across the western world do produce food very quickly and efficiently and there tends to be a surplus of food, whereas, in less developed countries they have a shortage of food. Due to the size of the world's population and it's high levels of demand for food farmers are unable to leave crops alone and let them grow naturally. For example, one-third of the crops that are grown worldwide are spoiled by pests, animals particularly insects and many plants. Certain types of crops grow better in certain set conditions and there are many different factors which effect the crop yield. Crops grow by photosynthesis, the environmental factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, are light intensity, concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, and the surrounding temperatures. All the requirements for photosynthesis need to be available at a good rate and supply, the light intensity which is usually supplied by the sun needs to be at suitable intensity, which means the crop will only grow certain times of the year due to the amount of light available.
Is Biological Control Better than Chemical Control?
Is Biological Control Better than Chemical Control? It is important that plants have the right conditions to grow successfully and produce a good harvest in. These conditions include space, good sources of light and water, an appropriate temperature, and a supply of inorganic ions. With crop plants this is especially important since the greatest possible yield needs to be achieved. However, there are factors which affect the yield of a crop produced, such as competition, disease, and pests. Pests are unwanted organisms that reduce the quality and growth rate of a plant, also likely to affect the amount of seed it produces. Most pests only cause significant damage to the environment when their population reaches a specific level. This is called the 'economic injury level.' Controlling all of these factors, so that this level is not reached can be done so using either biological or chemical control. I shall be investigating into these two methods to distinguish which is the better out of the two. Biological control relies on the introduction of other living organisms or biological products to control pests. A predator or a parasite of the pest is usually used in this case. There are many different ways in which the predator attacks its prey. For example, a small insect the whitefly causes damage to greenhouse crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers. To control this, a parasitic
Control System- Pressure Regulator
az CONTENT PAGE TITLE PAGE .0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 TYPES OF REGULATORS 2.1 SIMPLE PRESSURE CONTORL SYSTEM(SELF OPERATED REGULATOR) 3.0 PILOT OPERATED PRESSURE REGULATOR 3.1 INSTRUMENT CONTROL 4.0 COMPUTER CONTROL 5.0 CONTROL ELEMENTS 5.1 BASIC ELEMENTS 5.2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF PHYSICAL DEVICES 6.0 PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM 7.0 ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY 7.1 ACCURACY 7.2 SENSITIVITY 8.0 FEEDBACK 9.0 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 0.0 CONTROLLERS 1.0 INPUT AND OUPUT 2.0 REFERENCE LIST PRESSURE REGULATOR .0 INTRODUCTION- A type or certain group of elements that function together as a unified whole, is a system. This widened description thus gives some meaning to control systems as a whole. By re-establishing the basic principles and functions worked out, a system's limit can be extended to include little or more characteristics just as long as each singular variable contributes in a way to the particular system activity. This explains that the system does not halt interaction to other systems or peripherals. In the process industry, the term control system is sometimes normally used to specify a process, and the apparatus basically required to run the process. The system is tested with various actions so it will conform to a standard, these include; load, commands and disturbances which cause it to respond in some individual manner. A system is best made so that it
Design of a Thermal Control Regime
Design of a Thermal/Fluid/Control System I. INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTS The wide use of thermal/fluid systems in a variety of applications has made them invaluable to many engineering disciplines. Their unique, flowing, and non-linear nature has caused scientists to both characterize and control them by means of systems of differential equations. Through the case study of a warming bed, this project will focus first on simulating and observing a steady-state heat-transfer system and the interrelation of its variables, and second on the control of that system through proportional control and "on/off" control methods. In a steady-state system, conditions of objects subject to the system do not change. Specifically for the warming bed, any heat provided by the bed is lost by the patient. By examining one small heating element from the bed, the following energy-balance equation is developed: (1) Equation 1 can be separated and integrated, resulting in an equation for T(x): (2) Furthermore, the heat transfer from the bed to the patient is given as: (3) while the heat lost by the patient to the surroundings (due to convection and radiation) is: (4) The second half of the project focuses on time-dependent analysis and feedback control: systems whose behavior and status is dependent on time and whose control is based as a response to the system's performance. At the foundation
