Line
One of the most prominent aspects of the piece is the use of line. The most prominent straight lines are that of the edge of the table and the side of the chair, they create a place for and individual to set their eyes, therefore leading them to look at the rest of the painting. A series of invisible diagonal lines draw attention to the face of Christ. This shows his importance in not only the piece but also actual world.
Colour
The colours in the painting are mainly dark (Blacks, greys, greens, reds). However, some areas of the painting are in lights colours such as Sandy/cream browns used on the faces of the subjects, with a lighter version of these colours used to highlight the focal points face. Colours that are more vibrant include the rich crimson of Jesus’ clothing and white tablecloth, which draw attention.
Tone
Tones in the piece are extremely dark; this highlights the effect of “Chiaroscuro” (translating into light and dark). The dark tones absorb the surrounding edge of the picture and the various crevices and cracks. However lighter tones are used on the figure of Jesus. There’s also a prominent contrast of lights and darks used effectively.
Composition
The formal elements of this picture include four individuals, the central and most important being Jesus. Around his are three more men who are likely to be his followers. They sit by a table covered in food (possibly one of his last dinners before his death). On the table, there is a fruit ball with a strange shadow, which resembles a fish (a sign of Christianity).
Texture
The texture of the piece is very smooth, the artist has done his very best to hide brushstrokes. Upon closer inspection, Jesus has a much smoother face than that of the man next to him with facial hair. Even though the painting seems to be smooth, if one looks closely, one can see different, subtle brushstrokes used by Caravaggio.
Narrative
Clearly the focus of the painting is Jesus Christ, as shown by the techniques used to paint him and also the series of invisible lines used to lead the viewers eye towards Jesus. The three men around him are clearly agitated by their body language. The man to the right is flaying his arms and the one to the right is about to jump up from his chair. Possibly Jesus has just revealed some important information and this has enraged his followers.