› Organisational charts:
An organizational chart of a company usually shows the managers and sub-workers who make up an organization. It also shows the relationships between directors, managing director and chief executive officer as well as various departments, in many large companies the organization chart can be large and incredibly complicated and is therefore sometimes dissected into smaller charts for each individual department within the organization. There are three main organisational charts (structures) flat, hierarchy and matrix. Tesco’s organisational chart would start of at the top which is the CEO (chairman) then underneath that would be the store director, thirdly the store manager and underneath that would be the different departments of staff. Victim Supports’ organizational chart, at the top is the chief executive underneath that are the directors, underneath them are the managers and lastly underneath them are the staff. Alongside at the top judges as well as the police would be along that base line.
› Span of control:
The term span of control means the number of people that individuals are responsible for within an organisation. The wider the span of control is the more people the individual is responsible for, a manager might supervise too many people therefore he/she might be overworked and might not perform their job efficiently. Both organisations Victim Support and Tesco are a hierarchical structure, this is because there are many layers of management and control within these sectors. Tesco’s have a wide span of control, this is due to the fact that there are mainly layers of control and therefore staff need to be separated into different departments and managed. Victim Support on the other hand has a narrow span of control, this is because each Victim Support has its own board of trustees as well as few layers such as just the volunteers who are in a different aspect to the police and judges.
› Functional activities-
Tesco, just like all businesses must operate using their functional areas. Without these areas there would be no business. These are different departments within an organisation that help the business to operate. Finance, Human resource, Research & Development, Production, Service delivery, Marketing, Sales, Procurement, Information technology services, Customer service, Management Information Systems, and Logistics.
Tesco Functional activities:
Finance- The Finance Department in Tesco is used to keep records of what money Tesco is currently working with. They will provide all other functional areas with the money they need to run. The Finance Department within Tesco is run by the head accountant. The accounts section is responsible for many things, they control all money paid in and out of Tesco. The finance department has all final accounts and is responsible for the sources and use of funds, these funds may be used for such things as designing a new product or store etc. Wages and relevant records are prepared in this department as well as credit records for customers/suppliers.
Human Resources- The Human Resources Department undertake the responsibility to prepare study and develop employees, including planning, monitoring, training, recruitment, salaries, bonuses, promotions, benefits and management of personnell needs. Within Tesco, HR department would take care of the customer services and all the enquirers the customers have. The HR department covers the policies and studies section, and this would include job specification to new employees. The HR department would also be the first point of contact for the customers, for example if they where applying for a job. The personal department also has the job of keeping the Tesco employees happy, e.g. if the building is too hot/cold they would need to satisfy up to customers standards.
Customer service- Customer service is the assistance Tesco give their customers. Customer service is how Tesco would satisfy their customers as in help them out with refunds etc. All individual customers of Tesco from students, kids, adults and the elderly, have different needs and expectations, they like to be provided with different services so that they feel more comftable and happy when shopping. As said on their website ‘’our core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty’’. ‘’Our success depends on people’’.
Marketing- Marketing at Tesco is vital in order to keep the organisation profitable. In order to maintain profitable they must constantly examine their market, customer trends, customer needs and other standards to keep new/present customers coming in. This analysis involves marketing activities and can take a number of forms, including, Quantitative Research, Primary Research and Secondary Research. Marketing activities allows Tesco to examine its business in great detail so they can further improve it and maintain their market position. Tesco’s marketing ways include Club card, Kids Club and Health Club.
Production- Tesco is very large successful food retailer as this varies into different cultures. Tesco sell other branded products as well as their own in this case to attain what customers want. Production takes place when resources, such as raw materials, primary, secondary and tertiary, are changed into goods or products. Tesco would do extensive research in order to determine if the product will be successful and sell or not, if they predict it will then they will place it on the shelf. Once Tesco have decided on what new product they would like to produce, it then organises its production process.
Sales- Sale is an important part of the marketing function. One way in which Tesco try to make as much as sales as they can is the sales department obtain databases of names and addresses so that customers can buy on the online. Customers are essential to every business because their payments are the income of the business. The whole basis is to fulfil the customers’ expectation, make them feel important and provide a range of services which will meet their wants/ needs both now and in the future.
-Below is a structure to show how the different functional activities work alongside one another-Tesco
Marketing
Human Resources Finance Sales Research Develop
Victim Support Functional activities-
Finance- The Finance Department in Victim support deals with receiving money from the government, as they are run by the government and in the voluntary sector they help people therefore they do not make profit money and need the government support to run. This may contrast to paying staff if needed as well as taking account of the money coming in and out of the organisation.
Human resources- The Human Resources department in Victim Support deal with recruiting volunteers to help them with helping victims of crime, this may vary in different London boroughs such as Essex. Secondly they train staff members to what needs to be done and how e.g how to deal with victims emotionally and physically. Lastly they determine the dismissal of staff, this may be because lack of involvement or job is not being done right, however this would be a rare case.
Information technology- The information technology in Victim Support deal with taking count of the number of victims listed within the area, they need to do this as this predicts the crime rate within the area and hoe it needs to be dealt with. Secondly they need to take count of the number of staff members with the service, this must be done due to the measurements of how much staff needed. Lastly data of murders, rape and other crimes that have accrued, this needs to be done as they investigate how bad it is and what again needs to be done to reduce it.
-Below is a structure to show how the different functional activities work alongside one another-Victim Support
Finance Human Resources Information Technology
As there are many different types of functional areas in many organisations it would be in the best interest for the organisation if some or all the functional areas work alongside each other. An example for this would be, as Tesco’s is a very big organisation, the Finance department would need to work alongside the Human Resource department. This would be to inform the finance department about the employee pay how much they should get or even if an employee has been promoted. As for Victim Support the information technology department might need to depend on the Human Resource department this is because as the information technology department have all the numbers of victims stored within their systems an employee might need to find this information out therefore would need their help.
Different departments have different Aims and Objectives. This reason being is because as each department is different to one another having the same targets would be pointless because it would not help. For example in Tesco, health and safety in the bakery section would be a concern as hair nets and gloves must be worn, this might be set as a target but if the same target was set for a security guard it would be no need because its targets would be totally different, it would be to secure and look after the store.
In order for companies to meet its aims and objectives they should follow a smart plan. This stands for
S-Aims must be specific
M-Aims must be measurable
A-Aims must be achievable
R-Aims must be realistic
T-Aims must be time based
Tesco & Victim Support SMART plan:
Tesco’s Aims Tesco’s Objectives
•Increasing profits. •Reducing costs and keeping them low
•Expanding the business. •Developing and producing new ideas.
In the private sector is main aims are to either increase its profits by profit maximisation which means to make as much profit as possible, or to expand the business by selling or providing more goods, this therefore leading to opening new stores or even developing attachment with other companies. The reason for this would be to make more money. The ways in which the private sector is going to succeed will be to follow the objectives. Reducing costs and keeping them low will increase profits and low prices would attract customers and developing and producing new ideas will help towards expansion of the business.
Tesco’s main purpose is to be the biggest, leading, worldwide supermarket. Tesco’s main aim is to make big profits in order to expand. Their strategies would therefore be to:
• Have a good reputation of supplying quality but cheap goods to members of the public.
• Keep up to date with the demands of people such as (organic foods)
• Expand the business by opening stores across the world.
Throughout the years in order to stay in competition with other companies Tesco’s has had to keep up to date with what members of the public want and need. In this day age because healthy living and keeping fit has become an issue Tesco’s has made adjustments to the type of foods they sell. This meaning, cutting down prices for fruits, vegetables and introducing organic foods/drinks. Environmental issues are another change that Tesco’s have made because it gives a good name for the company. These changes can be from selling life-time bags that you never throw away but are re-useable and recycling their Tesco bags and products.
Tesco SMART plan is to increase sales of organic products to £1 billion 2011, this is specific, also measurable, achievable, realistic and time based (2011).
Voluntary Sectors Aims & Objectives:
Victim Support Aims
• To raise awareness of crime.
•Support victims, families and friends.
• Have a better understanding of victims & witnesses needs.
Victim Support Objectives
• Place posters around London Borough
•Protect Victims and witnesses rights.
• Encourage victims and witnesses to make their own decisions.
Within the voluntary sector its main aims and objectives would be to provide a better service to members of the public without charging them. Organisations such as Victim Support are funded by the government to set up and help a certain cause. Growth plays a key part amongst many businesses but with the voluntary sector Victim Support in particular all depends on the level of crime rates they have, in other terms this means that if a large number of people were victimised they would need to expand therefore the government would give them extra funding to help do so.
By enforcing these strategies it would help achieve Victim supports aims by not only informing members of the public of Victim support but also by encouraging volunteers to join and participate, this will enable Victim support to expand and therefore gain more money by the government to help provide a better service for victims of crime.
Victim support SMART plan:
- Hold at least 1 public meeting per year to engage the community in tackling crime and anti social behaviour.
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Work closely with all partners to ensure that local crime and other community safety information is made available to all communities on a monthly basis by 31st July 2011.
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To reduce the number of accidental fire related deaths in the home by 20% by 31st March 2011 (against baseline of 2009-10)
