Type 2 Diabetes is a serious health issue affecting Australians at an alarming rate.
Evaluation Proposal
CONTENTS PAGE
1.0 Synopsis 2
2.0 Health Issue 2
3.0 Target Group 4
4.0 Program Goal 5
5.0 Objectives 5
6.0 Program Strategies 5
6.1 Work Well Workshop 6
6.2 Session One – Type 2 Diabetes 6
6.3 Session Two – Physical Activity 7
6.4 Session Three – Nutrition 7
6.5 Work Well Website 8
6.6 Posters 8
6.7 Work Well T-Shirts and Work Well Water Bottles 8
7.0 Timeline 9
8.0 Budget 10
9.0 Capacity Building and Sustainability 12
10.0 Evaluation 13
11.0 References 14
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale and Background
Type 2 Diabetes is a serious health issue affecting Australians at an alarming rate. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in Australia, and contributes to significant illness and disability. The estimated $3 billion spent in Australia annually on diabetes health care costs, represents only part of the toll for the one million Australians with diabetes. The number of new cases diagnosed each year is expected to rise due to an overweight and aging population (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2002).
Sedentary lifestyles, overweight, obesity and poor nutrition ...
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11.0 References 14
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale and Background
Type 2 Diabetes is a serious health issue affecting Australians at an alarming rate. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in Australia, and contributes to significant illness and disability. The estimated $3 billion spent in Australia annually on diabetes health care costs, represents only part of the toll for the one million Australians with diabetes. The number of new cases diagnosed each year is expected to rise due to an overweight and aging population (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2002).
Sedentary lifestyles, overweight, obesity and poor nutrition put many people unnecessary at risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes. Lifestyle changes supported by health-enhancing environments can decrease the risk, reverse pre-diabetic conditions and prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 Diabetes.
The Work Well Project looks a the two main lifestyle risk factors in developing Type 2 Diabetes, poor nutrition and physical inactivity. Intervening in these lifestyle factors is the role of primary prevention. The likelihood of developing Type 2 Diabetes is minimized by modifying unhealthy lifestyles before they have a significant impact on health. A workplace workshop will increase awareness, education and personal skills is the primary strategy activity, and will be supplement by other strategies such as, healthier foods available on site, a Work Well Website, promotional materials and a “Healthy Lifestyle’ booklet.
Populations most at risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes include those over the age of 40 years, men, Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders and those residing in rural communities (Health Department of Western Australia, 1999). The Work Well Project will target those aged between 35-60 years employed by selected mining organisations in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. This target group has been chosen as each of these communities has a large proportion of male, rural and indigenous employees compared to other workplaces in W.A.
1.2 Aims of the Evaluation
To reduce by 10% the proportion of those aged over 40 years with Type 2 Diabetes by year 2008 in the intervention communities.
1.3 Evaluation Objectives
Risk Factor 1 – Insufficient physical activity
Behavioural objective
- By the end of the Project there will be a 25% increase in the proportion of mine site employees who report participating in 30 minutes of physical activity for 3 or more times per week.
Sub-Objectives
- Educate worksite employees about the benefits of exercise.
- Explain to worksite employees’ ways of incorporating physical activity into their weekly routine.
Risk Factor 2 - Poor nutrition
Behavioural objective
- By the end of the Project there will be a 25% reduction of foods high in dietary available on the mine sites.
Sub-objectives
- Raise awareness amongst worksite employees about the benefits of healthy food options.
- Increase access to healthy food options for employees
- Increase employee awareness about Type 2 Diabetes and its prevention.
2.0 METHOLOGY
2.1 Evaluation Design
The Work Well Project will be evaluated to determine formative, process and impact. A formative evaluation survey will be given to all the workplace employees in the intervention and control communities. The same survey from the formative evaluation will then be given to all employees in the impact evaluation three months after the Work Well Workshop. This allows the evaluator to appropriately identify any change that has occurred as a result of the Work Well Project. All questions in the survey will relate closely to the Project objectives. The survey will ask the following example questions to assess increased knowledge, awareness and change in behaviours-
- How regularly do you exercise?
- What is your daily fat intake?
- How many serves of vegetable to you eat daily?
- Is Type 2 Diabetes preventable?
- What are the benefits of exercise?
- Are you able to exercise for at least 30 minutes three times per week?
- Are you susceptible to developing Type 2 Diabetes?
The survey will be multiple-choice with an “other” option and space to answer in their own words, for those that feel the multiple choice options don’t correspond to them. A multiple-choice survey was chosen so the survey would be quick and easy for the employees to fill out, thus reducing some of the barriers to participating in the evaluation.
In order to obtain the most accurate attendance figure, opinions of the participants and facilitators and quality of the Work Well Workshop a process evaluation survey will be filled in directly after the last session of the Workshop. The survey will include questions regarding the relevancy of the Project, for example, whether or not they felt the activities appropriate and relevant. The participants will also be asked if they thought the workplace venue was suitable and whether they thought the Project went as planned. The facilitator will be asked whether there was enough time to cover all of the material, whether the allocated times for activities were appropriate and if the PowerPoint slides and overheads were relevant and useful to present the session. Other survey questions will be regarding the most enjoyable and unenjoyable aspects of the Project for both the facilitator and participants. This will give an indication of which activities were most worthwhile and which areas of the Project should be improved in future workshops.
2.2 Target Population
The target group will consist of men and women aged 35-60 years, employed by Western Mining Cooperation on the mine sites of Mt Keith, Kalgoolie, Kambalda and Leinster in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. The total number of employees is 4000. Mt Keith consists of 500 employees, Kalgoolie consists of 1500 employees, Kambalda consists of 750 employees and Leinster consists of 1250 employees. This target group was chosen as each of these communities has a large proportion of male, rural and indigenous employees compared to other workplaces in W.A.
2.3 Study Sample
2.4 Survey Instrument
2.5 Pilot testing
2.6 Data Collection
The data collection will be started on the February 2004 and completed in April 2004. The evaluators will visit the training venue and schools as a process of observation, and interviewing. The evaluator will prepare a reflective journal after each visit incorporating essential hard and soft data.
Interview. Interviews will be taken with the identified stakeholders. Specifically, they will be structured and unstructured both according to the need of the data. The structured interviews are conducted to get the objective information about the training while the unstructured are conducted in order to identify the interpretation of stakeholders.
Observation. Basically, observation will be carried out to identify the dynamics of the training session. Specifically, the observation will help assess whether the session has been capable of addressing the need of student teacher. Secondly, the trainee teachers’ classes will also be observed in order to identify the transformation of content knowledge into pedagogical content knowledge.
Document and artefacts analysis. Documents related to training programme will be analysed focusing whether they are planned and executed consistently. Specifically, the need assessment report, training manuals and any other documents will be taken into account to analyse the process of evaluation. The document analysis helps identify the programme-related information and its focus on implementation. Furthermore, the autobiographies written by the teacher trainer and student teacher will also be analysed in order to portray the effect of the training programme.
Conference with the stakeholders. A conference will be organized including the representatives of prospective stakeholders except the students. This conference will help to identify a shared interpretation of the programme and its focus.
Beyond the identified techniques of data collection, the searching of other basis for data collection will be open. The regular visit of the sites (training venue, cooperative and demonstration schools) and continuous discussion with the stakeholders will help identify the other sources of data collection.
2.7 Ethical Considerations
As employees are the main sources of data, a written contract for protecting privacy will be prepared for each of the employees. Right of anonymity of each employee will be respected. For this, pseudonym of each employee (if essential) will be used in the process of analysing the data. The data will be kept confidential and will not be transferred to any other agencies.
3.0 REFERENCES
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2002.Diabetes: Australian facts 2002. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.
Colagiuri, S., Colagiuri, R. & Ward, J. 1998, National Diabetes Strategy and Implementation Plan, Diabetes Australia, Canberra.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Care & Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 1999, National Health Priority Areas Report: Diabetes Mellitus 1998, Canberra.
Dunstan, D, Zimmet P, Wellborn T et al.2000, Diabesity and Associated disorders in Australia 2000: The accelerating epidemic. The Australia Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne.
Health Department of Western Australia, 1999. Western Australian Diabetes Strategy. Health Department of Western Australia, Perth
Health Department of Western Australia, 2002, Healthy Lifestyles: A Strategic Framework for Primary Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Western Australia 2002-2007. Health Department of Western Australia, Perth.
Howart, P. Burns, S. 2003, Health Promotion Planning Learning Material, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley.
Mathur, S, Gajanayake, I & Hodgson, G. 2000, Diabetes as a cause of death, Australia, 1997 and 1999, Canberra
McCann VJ, Knuiman, MW, Stanton KG et al. 1996, Mortality and coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Australian Journal of Public Health, vol.18, pp.92–95.
World Health Organisation, 1998. The International Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes, [Online}, Available: http.www.wpro.who.int-document-HSEwebpage/HealthPromtion1998.pht.url
