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English and English Literature Coursework

Willy Russell: ‘Blood Brothers’

Which character in the play changes most?

Explain:

  • How the character changes
  • The characters role in the play
  • How the playwright uses dramatic devices
  • How the characters use of language or the language used about the character influences your reaction to them
  • How the characters situation and actions reflect social, historical or cultural background

Russell was brought up in Liverpool and he wrote this play in the nineteen seventies.  In the play Russell shows the poorer working class background of the Johnston family and the richer more financially secure middle class of the Lyons family.  The play is centred on twins who are separated at birth but by fate they meet and ironically swear to become blood brothers.  Russell starts the play with Mrs Johnston who is a working class Liverpudlian and a deserted wife with seven children and she is again pregnant but this time with twins.  She is forced by Mrs. Lyons to give her one of the twins and the plays unravels by showing how the twins grow up and meet.  Although their liking for each other prevails at the start of the play their contrasting backgrounds and upbringing forces them apart and tragedy occurs at the end because this contrast prevents them from having a proper understanding for each other.

The play starts with the narrator who summarises the play so we have an idea of what’s going to happen and there is no curiosity.  He starts off the play using the words ‘so did you ever hear the tale…’and ends in the words ‘…let the story begin.’  These words destroy this illusion of reality and make us become more detached from the action on stage so that we become more objective about what we see.  Having the narrator on stage makes us see him as the play’s conscience and he makes us believe there is going to be a tragic ending.  The narrator’s speech at the start tries to prejudice us against Mrs. Johnston before we even meet her in the play and make our minds up about her for ourselves.  He tells us that we as the audience are the judge and the jury and that we have to ‘judge for ourselves’ whether Mrs. Johnston has committed a ‘terrible sin’ and whether what she has done is morally wrong.  After this speech we are introduced to Mrs. Johnston who is known as the ‘Mother’ throughout the scene.  This is because Russell wants to emphasis her role and make us think about how hard her life is as a single mother, abandoned by her husband and struggling to bring up her children.  Her first speech is a song and the use of music is used by Willy Russell to pass many years and give a quick summary of her life and history.  The use of a chorus is also an old dramatic device used by the Ancient Greeks to draw the audiences’ attention to certain important areas of a play.  This song is jolly, quick and involving.

        Act 1 scene 2 is a short scene where we are shown how Mrs. Johnston is poor and just can’t manage to provide for the children she has already got.  Act 1 scene 3 is an important scene which follows. In this scene Mrs. Johnston goes to work for Mrs Lyons to earn a bit of money to feed her kids.  It is in this scene that we realise Mrs. Johnston is very religious and at the same time superstitious.  We the audience see this when Mrs. Lyons puts the new shoes on the table and Mrs. Johnston shouts, ‘take them off,’ and frantically rubs the table where the shoes were.  When the scene freezes and the narrator comes on we realise how Willy Russell has used this superstition as an omen to show us something bad and fateful is going to happen between these two women.  

        In Act 1 scene 4 Willy Russell tries to add a bit of comedy by bringing on the milkman who is now the so called gynaecologist.  It is also a scene where Mrs. Johnston receives some shocking news as she is expecting twins, she was only going to just be able to manage with one more child but with two she has no hope and needs help as the welfare had already been on to her and now they’re bound to take them off her.  This is where Mrs. Lyons comes in and offers to help her by taking one of her twins off her.  Act 1 scene 5 is a very dramatic scene where Mrs. Lyons plans an idea of taking one the twins off Mrs. Johnston.  As Mrs. Lyons is much cleverer and a much more of a forceful and powerful character then Mrs. Johnston she tries in many ways to make Mrs. Johnston agree.  She rushes her to give her an answer and doesn’t give Mrs. Johnston any time to think.  She doesn’t even let her finish her speech and Mrs. Johnston has many pauses between her speeches because Mrs. Lyons interrupts her and won’t let her finish.  Mrs. Lyons really pushes her, and tries to sound as if she is doing her a favour ‘Already you’re being threatened by the welfare. With two more … than to have some of them taken into care!’  She also bribes her ‘If he grew up here … as our son … He could have everything.’ and she also threatens her when she doesn’t get a good enough reply ‘At the birth of my twins … all further claim on the said child.’  Mrs Lyons speaks in short, sharp and quick sentences and she tries everything she can to get this baby.  In this scene we see a contrast between the two characters as to how Mrs. Johnston cares about her children but also feels sympathy for Mrs. Lyons and how she sees that giving her child to Mrs. Lyons as the only solution.  We feel warmth towards her as she is much kinder than Mrs. Lyons and wants the best for the children and she cares for the children not herself.  We also notice how, now that Mrs. Lyons has got what she wants, she pushes away Mrs. Johnston and doesn’t really take much notice of what she is saying e.g. when Mrs Johnston asks ‘I will be able to see him every day won’t I?’  Mrs. Lyons reply is ‘Mm? Oh yes, of course.’ And another example of this happening is when Mrs. Johnston asks ‘I don’t suppose it’s really giving one away is it? I mean it’ll just be like he’s living in another house, won’t it?’ Mrs. Lyons reply is ‘Yes … yes… look right?’  The action made by Mrs. Lyons on stage in Blackpool gives us this impression clearly.

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        In Act 1 scene 6 we see Mrs. Lyons come to take one of the twins as they are now born.  At the start of this scene we see how Mrs. Lyons enters snapping and being horrible and we see Mrs. Johnston pleading with her to keep them e.g. when Mrs. Lyons enters saying ‘They’re born? You didn’t notify me!’ and Mrs. Johnston’s reply is ‘Well I didn’t … they sort of go together and if…’  We then see a change towards the end of the scene where both of them have an opposite character as to what they started ...

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