Elements of the Novel (To Kill a Mocking Bird)

a lady at time like this, so could I. (access to Scout’s thoughts)E.g. Jem was moody and silent for a week after the incident which he left his pants on the wire and he went back to take it. We are unable to know what he was thinking about. Until he told Scout in the next chapter about what happened that night, did we understand that what he was thinking for the week. (no access to Jem’s thoughts)Do we have the benefit of the implied or explicit attitude of the narrator?We have as we are experiencing reality through the eyes of Scout. Characters and ConceptsScout’s attitude at the beginningScout’s attitude at the end of the novelPrejudiceDoesn’t know it exists, naïve to it, doesn’t feel itRealised its existence, saw it in peopleAfrican AmericansThey are like everyoneelse, accepts them andloves them as equalsRealises they are hatedby some and that theirlives are differentAtticusShe loves him as a dadbut sometimes wonderswhy he is the way he isUnderstands her dad’sintentions and his pure,brave heartBoo RadleyScared of him, thinkshe’s crazy, believes therumors about himHe is a harmless herowho was victim of gossipand judgmentBraveryBravery is fights in theschoolyard, playing withboys and doing daresBravery is standing upfor what you believe inand doing what’s rightJusticeEveryone probably getswhat they deserve inthe endJustice is great – butnot everyone is able toreceive it.JudgingShe doesn’t do it; she isa good person andaccepts peopleRealises she wasjudgmental aboutothers and wants tostop. Who are the ‘flat characters’ in TKAM?Mr Ewell-Mr Ewell is one flat character as he remained unchanged. He was still as evil as he was at first. He was evil enough to harm a mockingbird (Tom Robinson). Next, Mr Ewell threatened Atticus and spitted on him. Atticus, thinking that he would change, was proved wrong when he attacked Scout and Jem in the middle of the night. Instead og facing Atticus alone, Bob Ewell took his revenge in his children, and even then he did not have the courage to face them in the daylight, but strike in the darkness. He remained evil and cowardly throughout the story.Who are the ‘round characters’?-Do they mirror the psychological depth we attribute to actual human beings?-Are all the ‘round characters’ aesthetically better than a flat one?Scout, Jem, Atticus, Arthur Boo Radley, Mrs Dubose, Calpurnia-Scout is a lively, intelligient girl who prefers boyish activities. She has a strong will and a hot temper which gets her into trouble with adults around her like Calpurnia, Aunt Alexandra and Uncle Jack. She dislikes school intensely because of her rather unreasonable teacher. She is very frank. Scout changes as she begins to learn how to look at things from another person’s point of view. She learns to understand Boo Radley’s feelings and of her aunt too, and also to respect the changes in Jem. -Jem is a normal boy, who enjoys playing soccer with his seniors, inventing games and amusing himself with his friends. As the story goes on, Jem becomes moody, is less willing to join in games with Scout and Dill which he used to love. He prefers to be alone and is milder temper than Scout, more sensitive to other people. He learns a lot about personal courage. His awareness of the feelings of others increases and he finally understands that Boo Radley stays indoors because he wants to. Jem also developed a keen sense of responsibility, which is shown when he informs Atticus of Dill’s presence at the Finch house. He becomes more protective towards his sister and develops tactfulness and a way with words just like Atticus. -Arthur Boo Radleyis a figure of fear and mystery at the beginning of the story. People believed that he is a murderer and a thief. Boo emerges as a very different sort of person frm the one the children imagine him to be. He leaves them gifts in the tree hole, mended Jem’s pants, covers Scout with a blanket durin the fire and comes to Scout and Jem’s aid when they are attacked my Bob Ewell, even though this involves him in killing a man with a knife.  -Mrs Dubose was hated by Jem and Scout at the beginning as she would subject to ruthless interrogation regarding their behaviour and give a melancholy prediction on what they would amount to when they grow up, which was always nothing. They tried to be friendly to her, but were met with a flat refusal. She was vicious.But they soon realise that Mrs Dubose is a very courageous old woman when she attempts to rid herself of drug addiction even though she knows she is dying. There is no point to her battle as no matter what, she will die. Mrs Dubose was thus portrayed as a courageous woman.Yes. They mirror the psychological depth we attribute to actual human beings as they have feelings and their own principles, dignity and thoughts. And they are realistic. They are not exaggerated and behave the way one will behave in the same situation and age.No. Flat characters make the story more complete and they can also be aesthetically better than a round character. Like Mr Ewell is artistically better than Calpurnia who did not really develop much although she did. As Mr Ewell contributed to the story more, being the most important antagonist. Parts of the Plot: Exposition:  How are the following introduced?Principal characters Themes Complication:  What is the single act that sets novel in motion?The flashback method was used at the beginning. Then Jem was introduced followed by Dill and Atticus. Then the whole historical background of their family was introduced because of Jem and Scout’s disagreement to what lead to his arm injuries. As the story progresses, more characters are introduced. Some are round while others are flat. However, all of them have a part to play In making the story interesting and complete. Themes are introduced when there are complications. For example, the theme prejudice is introduced with the whites belittling the black and considering them as outcasts.Justice was brought out when obviously Tom Robinson was innocent, but was sentenced for something he had not done and does not deserve. The single act that sets the novel is Atticus being chosen to defend Tom Robinson. A lot of things happened after that and set the novel in motion, like Atticus’s unpopularity when he fights for a negro. Scout has bear with what her friends call her father. Tom Robinson is killed while trying to escape. Bob Ewell loses his job because of the case, blames Atticus and makes trouble. Bob Ewell, is killed trying to hurt Scout and Jem. Their rescuer turns out to be Boo himself.Rising Action:  Describe the various events leading up to Climax.Tom Robinson is arrested.The dying Mrs Dubose is rude about Atticus:Jem destroys her camellias. Atticus makes him read to her: he wants Jem to ‘see what real courage is’! Jem and Scout go to the Negroes’ church, where a collection is taken for Tom Robinson’s family. Calpurnia explains that Tom is accused of raping Mayella Ewell. Atticus tries to keep the Sarum mob from lynching Tom Robinson: Scout’s friendliness to Mr Cunningham brings them to their senses. And the climax takes place at the court where an obviously innocent Tom is found guilty at his trial.Climax:  What is the highest point of dramatic action in TKAM?    Despite Atticus’s capable and impassioned defense, the jury finds Tom Robinson guilty. The verdict forces Scout and Jem to confront the fact that the morals Atticus has taught them cannot always be reconciled with the reality of the world and the evils of human nature.Denouement:  Describe the final outcome or unknotting of TKAM.The mockingbird is still killed no matter how experienced Atticus was.Point of ViewType of NarrationWhat type of narration is TKAM written in:First person narrationThird person narration Both. When Scout is involved in the scene, it would usually be in the first person narration. However, there are some special cases. An example is the scene of the case where mostly third person narration takes place as Scout is narrating the whole events happening in the case rather than narrating her thoughts and what she did. She narrates what Mr Gilmer, Atticus, the jury, the audience, Jem’s and Dill’s reactions more than her own feelings and actions."Omniscient" Point of View, Are there examples when is narrator capable of going into the minds of characters or of speaking about "future" events in the novel?Are there examples when the narrator knows what could not be known by naturalistic meansAre there examples when the narrator interrupts the novel's action to express opinions about the book's events and characters?YesE.g.  · Scoout narrates in the first person, telling what she saw and heard at the time and augmenting this narration with thoughts and assesments of her experiences in retrospect. Although she is by no means an omniscient narrator, she has matured considerably over the intervening years and often implicitly and humorously comments on the naïveté she displayed in her thoughts and actions as a young girl. Scout mostly tells of her own thoughts but also devotes considerable time to recounting and analyzing Jem’s thoughts and actions. If you answered ‘no’ to the above, would you consider the narrator in TKAM to be an ‘impersonal or objective narrator’?SettingBriefly describe the following in which the action of TKAM occurs. :Location, Time, CircumstancesThe basic time setting is in the South during the early twentieth century (1930s). Due to the Great Depression, poverty is a subject that affects many. Instead of using this as a binding theme, the people in the town use it as an element of separation. Prejudice of every sort runs rampant throughout the town, and even though things are simply "not fair", the time frame has to be remembered.