Rita’s use of language is very coarse and does not have the ability to express literary concepts on anything but a basic level. Things that don’t really matter like wearing the right types of clothing and the right type of wine preoccupy her.
‘That’s a nice picture.....Its very erotic…There’s no suppose about it. Look at those tits’.
Rita’s language here shows how direct and naïve she is. Most people would not come straight out and say something like that but she does not see the vulgarity of the way she speaks.’
Therefore being the reason that Frank does not want to teach Rita at first. He tries to stop her coming to him for tutoring.
‘Go back to what you do like and stop wasting my time. You go out and buy yourself a new dress and I’ll go to the pub.’
This proves how Frank sees Rita as a ‘waste of time’ and does not want to teach her. It is Rita that becomes adamant about the fact that he is her tutor and is determined to stay.
Frank finds himself faced with an unexpectedly fresh and uncluttered mind. Rita tests Frank’s intellectual talents to the full, by requiring constant justification and explanation of statements that would usually be taken for granted and accepted in a conversation between a student and a tutor. Frank is intrigued by her freshness showing that what Rita possesses is individuality,
‘I think you’re the first breath of fresh air that’s been in this room for years’
But to his dismay she comes near losing her identity at the end.
Rita rejects her working class origin and changes her name from Susan to Rita. During the story you can realise the changes in Rita. At the beginning she isn’t interested in Howard’s End and she couldn’t interpret books that Frank lent her correctly .Rita is too subjective and you can see the influence of her social background, such as when she stops reading Howard’s End because E.M Forster quotes in the book that, ‘we are not concerned with the poor’. This shows that in my opinion she was being very subjective at the time. Also she lacked courage and confidence to go to Frank’s dinner because of the academic class and was afraid of talking to other students.
Changing her life Rita leaves her husband Denny who objects to Rita getting an education. Her education is separating her from what was her culture. Her education is forming a strong wall between the two. She is now referring herself as two people, possibly the first stage of there separation. There is the one character which Denny married, and the other who has taken her place. Predictably enough the two characters come to conflict when Denny burns her books. She seems at this point however to be more concerned about the damage of her books than Denny’s feelings. Choosing her education over her Husband I think shows how strong minded Rita is, and despite much opposition doesn’t let any obstacles in her way because she wants to follow her dream. While Rita has lost her husband she wanted to be changed by Frank’s help but he was worried because he likes her natural character.
The biggest step for Rita was the summer school. At the summer school Rita has learned much about authors and she comes in contact with students. Frank is very impressed of her abilities. She changes her lifestyle with new clothes and a new hair colour and was also influenced of her flatmate Trish. We then see that Rita has attained a new role model, her flatmate. She is someone who influences Rita to change in many ways. One way is she encourages Rita to change her voice,
‘As Trish says there is not a lot of point in discussing beautiful literature in an ugly voice’
She is changing herself by becoming more like others; Rita is losing her individuality and originality mainly towards Trish’s opinions.
‘Me an’ Trish sat up last night and read them. She agrees with me….what makes it more-more. .What did Trish say-?’
She has become less original intellectually and usually just repeats facts from other people especially Trish to whom she refers to quite often. In my opinion seems a lot more arrogant to a point where she only talks about facts and repeats other peoples quotes. At one particular time where Frank is about to introduce her to Blake she disregards it as, ‘done him’. It’s a monotonous, non-sentimental and non-subjective answer unlike the old Rita who asked Frank whether he had read work by T.S. Elliot was more excited by literature. Frank realises this and explains to Rita that she has changed from her innocent freshness to becoming an echo to other people. Instead of being subjective, innocent and unique she is now standardised in her judgement. This is what Frank feared Rita losing her uniqueness. This causing an argument between Frank and Rita in which Frank brings up the fact of her changing her name back to Susan again.
R: ‘Rita? Rita? Nobody calls me Rita but you. I dropped that pretentious crap as soon as I saw it for what it really was. You stupid…Nobody calls me Rita.’
F: ’What is it now then? Virginia?’
Rita exits
F: ‘Or Charlotte? Or Jane? Or Emily?’
Frank makes a point that now Rita is educated she doesn’t want to ‘associated’ with bad literature such as Ruby fruit Jungle and so, he’s mockingly suggests that her name should be changed to Virginia Woolf , Charlotte Bronte , Jane Austen or Emily Bronte. The point that Frank is trying to stress out here is that now Rita is now educated, she is able to distinguish good literature from bad literature. Here you can see that Frank is very distressed because he wants the old Rita back. In act two, scene six he makes a big point of this when he compares himself to Mary Shelly the author of Frankenstein.
‘I think that like you I shall change my name; from now on I shall insist upon being known as Mary Shelly…’
In the quote, Frank compares himself to Victor Frankenstein a scientist who dabbles in science and creates a monster which he cannot control. The implication is that Frank has created the Rita who stands before him and over whom he has now lost influence.
Rita also changed her job because she thought that she could talk in the bistro about more important things than the hairdressers job, she also begins to drift away from Frank by being less personal.
‘I can look after myself…….I wanna read and understand without havin’ to come running to you every five minutes.’
This proves that she is beginning to separate from Frank because she doesn’t come to tutorials on time and if she’s late she would try and leave,
‘No honestly, Frank –I know I’ve wasted your time. I’ll see y’ next week, eh?’
Before she used to say that she could get through the weeks if she knew she had Frank’s tutorials to look forward to. Also she became less public about her life to Frank such as the fact that she had changed jobs and didn’t tell Frank. She doesn’t discuss personal matters anymore. At one point near the beginning she use to tell Frank everything,
’It struck me that there was a time when you told me everything’.
Rita is becoming more reformed, instead of making sarcastic remarks she has started to make interesting conversation when people talk to her but now we come across the fact that she is losing her innocent point of view. There is also a change in the way that she talks, her language is not as bad; she doesn’t swear as much as before and is becoming to sound more educated. Also she has stopped smoking, a ritual commonly related to the working class society.
It is also quite visible that Rita is beginning to fit in with the other students because she stops on her way to the tutorial to talk to students on the lawn. This then proves that she may have become over- confident because she said to the students that his opinion was wrong. At the beginning Rita seemed to have assumed that there was a boundary between educated people and the working-class society. She used to be intimidated by them.
Rita is developing certain arrogance that she feels Frank is jealous she is educated now, but he is actually concerned about the way she was taught. Rita is also giving the impression that she is too good for the tutorials and thinks she is learning more from the people she is talking to rather than going to Frank’s tutorials. Rita is coming out and saying that she o longer needs Frank. In her eyes she has made it. But as Frank says she is now ‘singing a different song’ not a’ better one’. Frank feels as though she has turned into just another one of the students he gives lectures to. He shows his selfishness when he is reluctant to teach Rita to pass her exams, he isn’t even sure if he wants to her know. I think he feels that he might lose her. To give him some credit he is doing it because he feels that what Rita has is ‘valuable’
The last stage in Rita’s education is when she makes a personal discovery and finally realizes what she has become , that she is in fact ‘a load of quotes an’ empty phrases’. Just as Frank tried to tell her before. The influence and inspiration for Rita’s reconsideration was the suicide attempt for Trish the person she had looked up to and followed. This made her think about all that Frank had told her and what Frank had given her . She can now chose whatever she wants to do that is what education had given her. She can be individual again. Now from her own and other peoples perceptive she is the educated woman she had always wanted to be.
In conclusion most of the changes in Rita’s life in my opinion are down to her self belief. We all have self belief, for some people this self belief is so strong that allows them to achieve whatever they want in life irrespective of setbacks. For some people the inner self belief has to be unlocked and come into the open so that they too can believe that they are achievers and gain confidence in ability and decision making in the face of obstacles. Rita may have had the ability to make sound and rational judgements for herself all along .But she was never given chance or encouragement by her family or her previous social setting to do so once she divorced herself from the circumstances and the people who held her back all her life. She was able to nurture her self belief and confidence through choosing a more positive and better environment for herself Rita choose education and choose to be surrounded with people with similar mind set. Rita turned to Frank as a person she would talk to about everyday life. Frank hardly gave encouragement because he liked the way Rita was and didn’t want her to change. Rita though some what relied on Frank and felt that his existence in her life helped her through the development of her education. However Rita wanted an education and that is what she got, merely down to the determination she had. Even when Frank refused to teach her she pleaded with him because she wanted achieve her dream. Rita went to the theatre to watch Macbeth, not because Frank wanted her to or encouraged her to, but because she wanted to experience it herself. Frank wanted to think that he helped her created her but in my opinion only helped her in the literary part. Although he pushed her to build more of a confidence he also watched her grow into the educated woman she became. Making Frank become too attached to the relationship he had with Rita and wanted to think that he was solely responsible. But as he watched what she was turning into he didn’t like it and wanted the unique fresh Rita back. So fair to say that he was not solely responsible because he liked the way Rita was in the first place. Rita brought about the change by becoming involved with people that influenced her i.e., Trish and the type of culture she was surrounded by and the wilfulness and self belief that Rita consisted a lot of. I think that what the play is trying to show is that people are all the same and most of the things you know will end up being useless and empty. They both learn this in a different way. Rita becomes educated , and learns that it is not up to what it is made out to be and Frank learns this by meeting Rita, the lower class girl. If you base your life around literature completely you will end up being a very dull person with an empty life. Therefore I believe that Frank was simply the key that unlocked Rita’s mind.
