Identify the different traits in genetics and determine whether they are controlled by recessive or dominant alleles
Introduction
Any measurable characteristic or distinctive trait passed by an organism is called phenotype of that organism. It may be visible to the eye, such as the colour of the flower or the texture of the hairs, or it may require special tests for its identification, as in the determination of the respiratory quotient or the serological test for blood type
Mendel in his monohybrid cross between a homozygous tall and homozygous dwarf pea plants found in the first filial generation (F1) the heterozygote individuals, with the character of only one parent i.e. tall. When self-fertilized, F1 produced the second filial generation (F2) tall and dwarf individuals in the ratio of 3:1
Such a phenotypic trait or character which appears only in the homozygous individual is called a recessive trait and the pair of alleles which specify a recessive phenotypic trait (i.e. dwarfness) is called recessive pairs of alleles. The phenotypic trait of tallness of stem which made its appearance in the homozygous individuals of parental generation and in the F2, as well as, in the heterozygous individuals of F1 and F2 is called the dominant trait and the alleles which phenotypically express itself in the heterozygotes as well as in the homozygotes is called a dominant allele
