In addition to being Homes’ confidante Watson is also his close friend as words of affection such as “This is my intimate friend and associate, Dr Watson” and “My dear Watson” have became, teamed with the word elementary, somewhat of a popular catchphrase throughout the Sherlock Holmes’ adventures. This friendship gives an amiable atmosphere in the investigations even though the subject matter being dealt with is often quite dour. This is an important factor so that the audience are not left feeling dejected. Watson, in broad terms, is an intelligent respectable gentleman of the time with a comfortably upper class life with an esteemed position as a doctor however Watson does not seem contented by this and seems consistently to be seeking a more exciting diversion accompanying Holmes. This attribute of escaping the mundane existence that he possesses is shared by the reader. Another argument is that Watson represents the audience which is why he is fitting narrator and friendly character. The monotony Watson feels about his profession is shown in this caption “My practice is never very absorbing”. This explains why Watson has the drive to supplement Holmes’ investigations; it also shows an adventurous side to Watson’s character. It also becomes apparent later in the sequence of stories that Watson has completed his typically “perfect” life by adding his wife to the equation, however this does not appear to quench his dissatisfaction with his life as, in “The Man with the Twisted Lip”, he still succumbs to the temptation that Holmes’ cases produce. A feature that is constantly appealing to a majority audience is his apparent concern for the people affected by an atrocity, Watson is consistently a benevolent and considerate conversationalist with the friends and family of the, suspected, victim. An example of his compassion is “I soothed and comforted her with such words as I could find”. Admiration is another one of Watson’s specialities as he is very appreciative of Holmes’ blatant brilliance. This is evident in most of the short stories, here are a couple of cases in point “You reasoned it out beautifully”, paired with, “I had no keener pleasure than in following Holmes” the last quote also supports the point that Watson would much prefer to follow Holmes on his quests than attend his humdrum surgery. Watson’s admiration is a technique used by Doyle to augment the appreciation and wonder felt towards Holmes by the reader.
First person reporting is a technique used by many authors, including Doyle to involve the reader in a more engaging way which allows the reader into the world of the story rather than the feeling of looking in from the outside, that third person, past tense writing invokes. In Sherlock Holmes, first person is used to include the reader in the hunt for truth and the answers to the mystery. In an abstract manner Doyle uses Watson to represent the reader in terms of resemblance of attributes; for instance both the reader and Watson are both ignorant of many important intricacies of the case so that they both rely on Holmes to decipher the details for them. Also it could be suggested that both Watson and the audience are trying to escape a much more tedious life and indulge in the exhilarating escapades of Sherlock Holmes. Furthermore the questions that Holmes asks Watson also probe the reader to answer the question for themselves; this is major attraction to this genre, the sense that they are solving a crime. This teamed with the fact that a Victorian audience would be able to relate even more specifically, on different levels, with Watson due to the relevance of him being a Victorian gentleman of which the readers would have been familiar with. Watson is particularly descriptive which gives the reader a real sense of the location and atmosphere. The vocabulary is also characteristic of Watson with the many words being adjectives repeated from story to story. An illustration of this point is the word “ejaculated” to describe the abrupt vocalizations of someone; this all gives a sense of familiarity with the stories and also a rapport with Watson’s character. This sense of security that familiarity brought was badly needed by a Victorian audience who were unsure of their safety due to the lacklustre crime prevention of the police force. Unlike the Victorian police Sherlock Holmes always captured the criminal which was exceptionally reassuring at the time.
Holmes and Watson are two very different characters with one common goal, to apprehend the guilty party in whatever mystery they are both entangled in. This contrast in character serves again to glorify Holmes as a gifted detective, this works in the way that Watson is a rather passive character or Holmes’ foil if you will, which leads most of the proceedings to be conducted by Holmes which shows in a positively intellectual light. The contrast in the logical awareness of Watson and Holmes leaves Holmes appearing almost omniscient compared to the usually clueless Watson. This technique is also used with the numerous police inspectors Holmes employs to do his bidding, each time they look the fool whilst Holmes seizes the acclaim. This is technique used by Doyle to idolise Holmes to the reader. The language used throughout the Sherlock Holmes stories is intensely descriptive as to quench the reader’s thirst for all the aspects that could have effected the mystery incurring. In historical context this ultra-descriptive style of writing was a more necessary feature in a pre-television era, however in the twenty-first century a reader’s desire for a detailed picture of other human life is fulfilled by other more advanced forms of media. This is perhaps why, in my experience, readers of the present time period are not exhilarated by the, at the time innovative, detailed style of writing.
Watson is very much used as tool by Doyle, in all the ways suggested throughout this essay but also in a different, more political manner. In the Holmes stories Watson conveys the generalised views of an upper class society at the time. The ideals concerned included a negative look upon drugs and an opinion that they are used, or abused, by the subordinate social groups. Watson’s, or Doyle’s, views are shared in this quote “You should be ashamed of yourself!” This is Watson taking a stern view upon one of his own noble friends indulging in a couple days in an opium den. Watson is also especially respectable of all women throughout the stories, chivalry being an exceptionally valued commodity in Victorian times. Watson, or better still Doyle, is a voice of the Victorian era, which is why the stories were so popular at the time. Further still Watson gives a social commentary of Victorian London which, as you can imagine, would be most interesting to not only Victorian Londoners but also Victorians that lived in other areas but were curious of the cosmopolitan lifestyle of London. Watson teamed with Holmes gives them this along with a descriptive and arguably a thrilling story.
In conclusion my belief is that, yes, Watson is a better suited narrator for a Victorian audience rather than a modern audience, this being because of the chronologically social relevance that would supply greater interest for a Victorian reader. However disagreement is found with the statement that Watson is an “inadequate” narrator for twenty-first century reader as the stories still raise a lot of interesting issues and remain a thrilling read due to the exciting adventures Holmes embarks upon. An objection modern readers have is that the stories are formulaic and therefore tiresome however for the Victorian audience this was an essential feature to bring a sense of security into their generally uncertain lives. There is no doubt that the Sherlock Holmes stories are written for a Victorian audience however this does not exclude modern readers from finding the same overall enjoyment from the stories. The fact is that certain features may not be relevant to a modern reader’s interests or experiences in a modern life. A plus point is that because of the impression made, upon the stories, by Victorian life that Sherlock Holmes is a useful research tool for that time period. Additionally it is not a question of Watson being unsuitable for a modern audience but instead it is an issue of the crime stories themselves being relevant and therefore enjoyable for a modern audience.