The Central Business District (CBD) is at the heart of any city. It is the part of the city where most business is conducted. The Central Business District (CBD) is generally located in the centre of a town or city with all route ways leading to it, making it the most accessible place in the city. Consequently, it is the most intensively used part of the city and as a result competition for space to conduct business is great; therefore land values are high and only large businesses can locate there. That is why no houses can locate there.
Burgess Model
The Hoyt Model
The Central Business District (CBD)
This is the area most accessible to the largest number of people, containing shops, offices, banks, etc. Land is expensive and this area has high rents and multi-storey buildings as a consequence. There is very little space and competition for land is high. Traffic congestion is high. Vegetated areas are sparse
B1 - Zone of Transition
Wholesale Light Manufacturing
Old industries that have been positioned in this zone for many years (growing out with the wedge) can be found here. Over the past 20 years or so, this industry has been non-profitable and has closed leading to high unemployment.
Redevelopment and renewal in this area and the growth of zone A to meet the needs of an expanding town mean that Zone B is in a state of constant change (hence its name).
B2 - Zone of Transition
Low Class Residential Housing
Often known as "old inner city areas". This group is made up of old 19th century buildings arranged in gridiron street patterns, with no gardens. Often referred to as 'slums', these were the buildings that were knocked down in the 1960s to be replaced with the 'high-rise flats'.
Redevelopment and renewal in this area and the growth of zone A to meet the needs of an expanding town mean that Zone B is in a state of constant change (hence its name). The poorest people in the settlement live here, but it is now fashionable for of warehouses to be refurbished in the centre of some cities for sale at extremely high prices.
C - Council Estates
Semi-detached housing can be found here with gardens and on large estates. Less expensive private estates can also be found here.
D - Commuter Zone (suburbs)
High-class residential area where private, top quality housing can be found. Detached and semi-detached housing can be built on cheaper land here. Often many have garages. Big gardens and many outbuildings can be found here.
Called the 'commuter zone' as it is expected that the more affluent members of the community would live in the zone furthest away from the centre as they could afford the transport costs to the centre for access to services and employment.
E - Countryside Areas
In the countryside surrounding the urban area, those seeking to escape from the urban area can live in pleasant rural surroundings whilst still being close to work. Many satellite villages and towns surround major urban areas, allowing people to live further away from the main settlement.
Map of Southampton and Dorchester:
Methodology:
Collecting the Data.
Throughout the day we collected various pieces of information to help us with our project. The places we went to were Millbrook Residential Area, Millbrook Industrial Area, City Centre, Ocean Village and Hedge End.
Growth and Decline score sheet
Each area was scored from 3 to -3 depending on its state. 3 if it is good and -3 if it is bad. Using the criteria’s listed below the overall score was calculated for each area identified.
The criteria’s are:
Scaffolding, Renovations/Improvements, New Facades, New Buildings, Pedestrian Areas, Cared for Houses, “To be developed on this site” signs, Cared for Areas-Street Furniture and Neat Paved Areas, Buildings for Sale or Let, Graffiti, Vandalism, Boarded up Shops/Factories etc. Demolished or Derelict Buildings, Fly Posters, Litter, Neglected e.g. peeling paint, Cracked Uneven Roads and Pavements-Weeds Growing etc. The reasons for doing this observation is to compare different areas of Southampton to see if they are a smart and growing environment or a run down and in decline.
Pedestrian Counts
In Southampton: we collected data from Millbrook residential area, Millbrook dock entrance, city centre near junction civic centre road, city centre outside boots, and city centre near junction with Briton street. In Dorchester: we collected data from South Street, Tesco roundabout, Maud Road and New Poundbury. A pedestrian count of pedestrians, lorries, cars, buses and motorcyclists was carried out covering a period of five minutes with results recorded in the table below. The reasons for doing this are so we can see what areas of Southampton are like and whether they are occupied or quiet during the day. In Millbrook residential area, the housing was fairly well kept and mostly not occupied during the day.
Transect Maps:
Throughout the city we listed the shops to see where the change in areas started to take place. The centre of the city, which has shopping centres such as West Quay, was the most popular for visitors as it had the best well-known shops in the area. As you go further from the CBD (Central business district) the amount of well known shops became smaller this is entering the transition zone or the area of change. In this area many shops are boarded up, for sale or for let and overall the amount of revenue these shops get is quite little. When filling in a transect map we listed if or not they were a comparison store or a convenience store. Comparison stores are the big name stores that you buy clothes and other luxury and specialist goods and the convenience store are shops where you purchase food and low order goods and they shops like newsagents and spars.
Photographs and Annotated Diagrams:
Photographs of various places in Southampton were taken and annotated, mentioning the geographical features. Field sketches were also drawn; with annotations of the geographical terms e.g. the house was made of slate. This was in order to get actual photographs and field sketches labelled with the geographical features relevant to the work.
Results
Traffic and Pedestrian counts:
The table above indicates the different types of transport that are more frequent around different areas of the city. In the CBD where the entire major shops, offices and where the land is more expensive there are far more pedestrians for example in the city centre outside boots 76% of transport was pedestrians shopping or going to work.
Millbrook Road West (opposite shopping parade):
As this was a residential housing estate the results were limited as this urbanised area is used for homes in the evening for people who work in Southampton. This is quite a quiet area on the outskirts of the city centre or the suburbs, it was fairly quiet as the number of pedestrians who went by was low and there were only 10 cars that went by in the space of 5 minutes. This is because many people living in this area would be at work during the hours of us taking this survey.
Millbrook Dock entrance:
As Southampton is one of the UK’s major docklands areas the amount of containers waiting to be put on ships that were transported by Lorries around Southampton was high. 28 Lorries drove down this bridge. 70% was Lorries and the remaining 30% were cars. There weren’t any pedestrians as it is very dangerous for them the only people there were road workers on the site.
City Centre near junction with civic centre road
This was the second most popular place for tourists. As being in the CBD the amount of people is high compared with the amount of cars, buses ECT. All the facilities are here for people e.g. shopping which shows significant figures of the amount of people. People in this area were getting dropped off and picked up by buses as this is a popular station for shoppers to get on and off the buses.
City Centre outside boots
Again the city centre resulting in significant number of pedestrians shopping this was the most pedestrians we recorded in the given time limit of 5 minutes.
City centre near junction with Briton street
On this junction there were 11 cars that went by in the space of 5 minutes this shows that the majority of transport that went by was pedestrian shoppers or workers.
Maud Road
This road in Dorchester contains convenience stores such as Adams newsagents and Nisa. On Maud there is also residential housing and a local pub. This area is fairly mixed in terms of traffic and pedestrians as it is almost like a small town with the shops. From the results of the pedestrian count it shows that 15 cars go by as this is one of the major roads for getting into Dorchester. Because of all its shopping facilities 37 pedestrians go by in 5 minutes which averages 7.4 people per minute. Maud road has many residential houses therefore the amount of big Lorries that go through Maud road is low as the roads become narrower from the cars parked outside the houses. In comparison to Millbrook area, on the suburbs of Southampton Millbrook is a lot busier road being on the outskirts of a city rather than a town. Many of the houses on Maud road are council houses and not the case in Millbrook. Millbrook being on the edge of a city the average house price is £325, 000 compared to the £195, 000 of Maud road.
Tesco Roundabout
Tescos roundabout is one if the busiest places in Dorchester as that is the main roundabout where you can either go towards Bridport, Weymouth, Dorchester, and Bournemouth/Poole way. During the 5 minutes many cars went buy most cars out of anywhere I have visited in this coursework. In this coursework I will be comparing Tescos area to Hedgend in Southampton.
South Street
This is Dorchesters main shopping street therefore the amount of pedestrian shoppers was high. The atmosphere is similar to the CBD in Southampton. There are not many cars that go down here only delivery trucks or emergency vehicles go down.
New Poundbury
This newly development of a green field site which will be compared to Ocean Village in Southampton is situated on Dorchester bypass it has many phases which are being built.
Growth and Decline Score Sheet for Southampton
Growth and Decline Score Sheet for Dorchester
