The election campaign of 1932 was very one sided and Roosevelt just needed to promise to be better than Hoover. He caught the mood of voters with his New Deal promise and people were prepared to risk the change in style of government-they had nothing to loose. The people of America were given a new hope from Roosevelt. Roosevelt needed to keep his promises to America. If he did not America would keep deteriorating and it would become a poor and ruined country. The promises he made would give Americans back confidence and restore America’s economy. If he did not keep them confidence in America would drop even lower and America’s economy would become so bad it would have to be completely rebuilt and that would cost billions.
Explain the main features of the new deal
Roosevelt had promised to take immediate action after the elections. Roosevelt had three main aims, these were; relief, recovery and reform as this was to be a “New Deal” for the Americans. The New Deal was to bring back confidence and stability in banking and finance. He did this by setting up federal agencies, which are also referred to as alphabet agencies. This period when he was in office was known as the “hundred days”. The “hundred days” was the period in which Roosevelt set up the agencies whilst in office. This gave back a great deal of strength to the economy, however problems still remained. This is when Roosevelt introduced the “Second New Deal”, however this concentrated on social welfare.
Roosevelt needed to restore trust and confidence in the American people and in order to achieve this he had to give American people back their jobs. The Civil Conservation Corps, otherwise known as the CCC were set up to deal with this. They provided work for thousands, although not the best of jobs. This gave Americans back an income. The leads me onto another feature of the New Deal, "money". The CCC ensured that American people got a wager, a source of income, which meant people could buy items. This meant confidence would slowly be restored and as confidence was restored people started to take risks. Roosevelt had dealt with the confidence issue that had ruined America. However people were still not confident enough to trust the banks.
Roosevelt used a simple but effective plan for this. A huge amount of banks were effected by the depression, some of those banks were good others were bad, so Roosevelt closed the bad ones and re-opened the good ones as well as pumping money to them. How were people to know about this and what was being done. “Fireside chats”. Roosevelt would talk on the radio to all the Americans about the new changes to the banks and why they could now trust them. This gave the economy a huge increase of trust. Banks were reopened and people trusted them. To be completely sure that there would not be another crash, Roosevelt supervised the stock market and banks and made sure there was a limited amount of speculation. People began to deposit money into the bank and trust was regained. Roosevelt had solved may of the problems produced by the depression, however still had the industry to deal with.
The Industry was so important and needed to be restored. The Industry had been through the spiral of depression and failed because this. Roosevelt used yet another simple technique. He reversed the spiral of depression. In order to do this Roosevelt had to spend a lot by the means of “prime pumping”. This was when he would put a large amount of money into the “” and this would then mean industry would be able to keep itself going. Roosevelt also set up more alphabet agencies to deal with this. They got people jobs, which gave people an income, which meant more spending, so demand for good increased and more gods were produced. The industry were giving jobs out, which meant more spending and yet again demand for goods increased so more goods were produced again and more pay means more taxes. The government got more money from the taxes and the spiral continued, as did the up rise of the industries. People were now very confident and trusted banks.
Roosevelt had restored confidence and trust back into finance, American people and industry as well as making America more advanced. His work all links back to his three aims. His first aim was “relief”; to help people right away, which he did by taking immediate action; the 100 days. “Recovery” was the second, and this was designed to get the USA out of the depression, which he also did by reversing the spiral of depression. Finally “reform” was designed to make sure another depression did not happen which again he did by having banks and the stock market supervised with limited speculation. Roosevelt had ticked off all of these aims.
The New Deal had solved the big problems for America, however other problems still existed, and Roosevelt was put under pressure about this and formed the “Second New Deal”. The second new deal dealt with pensions for the elderly, security of the future and other features. These were, union protection programs, the Social Security Act, and programs to aid tenant farmers and migrant workers.
aThe New Deal had many features to it and each one helped America back to where it was before the depression. Roosevelt set himself three main aims and included in each of these aims were federal agencies that provided America with everything. The New Deal’s Main features were reform, recovery and relief. These were meant to give America immediate help, recover from the depression and stop any future depressions. The aims worked in a chain happening one after the other.
“The New Deal was not a complete success” how far do you agree with this statement?
Roosevelt introduced the new deal in his election plan. The New Deal had three main aims. These were, relief, recovery and reform. Therefore the criteria for success were improving American welfare and their lives, to rebuilt industry and trade, and to think to the future to guarantee the country stayed in a good position.
The New Deal was part of Roosevelt’s election campaign. The New deal was hope for the Americans; it was something to depend on. The new deal was meant to restore confidence and stability in the banks and the stock market. It was to make sure the banks would not go bust again and make sure that the stock market would be able to keep steady for the future. For Roosevelt the only thing left for the New deal to work was the question, “how was he going to make it do what he said it would?”
People did not trust the remaining banks due to constant failures of many banks; therefore Roosevelt had to stop the failures. This would hen result in more cash deposits, which would in turn result in confidence being restored.
This was however one of many problems, another problem was unemployment, little income and farming. To solve these problems Roosevelt set up Federal agencies also known as alphabet agencies. Agencies were formed to rebuild each problem. The CCC, civil conservation corps and the PWA, public works administration were in charge of the unemployment that devastated America. They would give people jobs in forestry, housing, schools and soil conservation. This benefited many other things as well as unemployment. Hiring people in the building and forestry meant that more houses would be built and more goods would be produced, increasing the economy and industry. The problem for farming was to be solved by the AAA agricultural adjustment act. They paid farmers to produce less. This meant prices had to increased which meant a better income for farmers. They were able to modernize and recover with the money they made. There were many other agencies that came together and brought America back to the booming country it was years before. Or did it?
Roosevelt’s agencies had done a lot for America and most of what they had done was successful. However many were not efficient and often wasted taxpayers money. Agencies like the CCC and the PWA often hired people for useless things like, scaring birds away and putting on shows in the street. These were not what the agencies were made for and they were a waste of money as it meant the workers got easy money and did not have to work hard. It gave them the impression that they could rely on the government to everything. This would make things a lot harder for the government. With other agencies, money was not pumped out fast enough and farmers continued to suffer resulting in them being displaced from their land. Along with all of this the agencies faced harsh oppositions like the liberty league. This helped to delay Roosevelt’s plans.
The New deal was considerably successful in achieving its main aims. He gave need to the needy, and he restored confidence in America and the stability in the banks. Possibly the most important thing Roosevelt fixed was the unemployment to an extent. Millions now had jobs however the unemployment number still stood at 13 million. Roosevelt had given back the lives of millions of Americans. The unemployment was finally solved in 1941 when America entered world war two.
The New Deal had been successful in many areas and not so successful in little others. America was climbing back up to prosperity and it was all thanks to Roosevelt and his new deal to the Americans
