Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful?
- A great deal of the effects of the civil rights movement improved race relations and furthered progress towards equality. These include:
- An end in segregated education. This was largely due to the effects of the court case in 1954 labelled ‘Brown vs. The Board Of Education; and the ensuing episode at Little Rock High School, Arkansas. The court case involved a black, Oliver Brown, suing the city school board for not allowing his 8 year old daughter to attend a nearby whit school and instead making her go to a school much further away. A black lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, presented the case at the Supreme Court and won. This made segregation in education illegal, although some southern states still opposed it. At Little Rock High School, President Eisenhower had to send 10,000 National Guardsmen and 1000 paratroopers to protect 9 black teenagers who faced angry whit mobs and even state troopers. However, the trouble was well worth it and eventually schools became more integrated, and this led to further developments in equality.
- An end in segregated transport, mainly in buses. This was brought about by the Montgomery Bus boycott of 1955. In that year, Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her bus seat to a white man as dictated by bus laws, and was arrested. This led to groups of angry women convincing Martin Luther King to organise a bus boycott. Blacks deserted buses, and walked or shared cars instead. Eventually, segregated buses were declared illegal in court. This relieved the bus companies who had been losing 75% of their customers. The boycott also drew, along with the end in segregated education and the sit-ins, the media’s and therefore the country’s attention to their injustices.