Weimar, 1918 - 1923

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Weimar, 1918 - 1923

1) Abdication and the 'Stab in the Back'

2) The German Revolution

3) The Treaty of Versailles

4) The Kapp Putsch, 1920

5) Formation of the Nazi Party

6) Economics and the Ruhr

7) The NSDAP, 1921-23

8) Internal Disorder

9) The Munich Putsch

10) The Trial

11) Essay Questions

1. Abdication and the 'Stab in the Back'

a. War situation and the generals

In the summer of 1918, WW I began to develop into open. After the initial success of Operation Michael, the Germans were on the retreat. The generals decided that Germany should sign an armistice.

WL Shirer

"General Ludendorff, the actual leader of the High Command, had insisted on September 28, 1918, on an armistice 'at once' and his nominal superior, Field-Marshal von Hindenburg, had supported him."

D Thomson

"With news of unrest at home, even rumours of revolution, it was the nerve of the German generals, especially of Ludendorff, which broke first."

On October 2nd, Hindenburg reiterated the need for a truce to the Kaiser, stating that "The army cannot wait