Ict Unit 2b

Description of the ICT system

There is a range of technologies in the following essay I am going to describe the ICT system used in Whipps Cross Hospital, by talking about the input and outputs, processors, storage and ports/cables and different software’s.

Input devices

> Keyboards are one of the devices for entering information in a computer, a hardware input device consisting of an array of keys that the user presses in order to enter text into the computer. For the Macintosh script management system, a keyboard-layout resource that provides for keyboard input in a given script system. In this sense, to change keyboards means to activate a different keyboard layout, rather than physically switching keyboards, this includes keyboards the most frequently used device. Which inputs codes and navigates the system in Whipps Cross Hospital, they connect the keyboard and what even is type is seen on the screen.

> Mouse a hand-operated electronic device that navigates throw the computer ,controlling the coordinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a pad; on the bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface of the pad; "a mouse takes much more room than a trackball". It helps staff at Whipps Cross navigate through the computer system affectively.

> Tannoy system/ message boards; A Tannoy System is used in many parts of Whipps Cross Hospital, it consists of speakers and microphones, so it makes it easier to commentate in different departments e.g. if there is an emergency and you need a certain doctor in a certain department eminently than they use the Tannoy system to commentate in the different departments by speaking in the microphones which then passes on the waves to the speakers which are placed in certain places in the Whipps Cross Hospital or If there is any information that any doctors or even patients need to hear or know about, then all the information can be delivered to them using the Tannoy System. There are also Message Boards and they help people see the information that is important and necessary for them to know about. Those Message Boards are very efficient because they are in bright red light colour so even if it’s dark you can see the information.

> Barcode /Scanner are just a different way of encoding numbers and letters by using a combination of bars and spaces of varying widths. This is just another way of entering data into a computer. A bar code does not contain descriptive data. It is a reference number that a uses to look up an associated record that contains descriptive data and other important information. Computers can not read bar codes. For a computer to make use of the information contained in the bar code, the bar code data must be captured and decoded into a data format that the computer can process. The device that reads or captures the bar code information and sends it to the decoder is known as the bar code reader, generally called bar code scanner.

A typical Bar Code Reader kit consists of Scanner, Decoder, and Cable that interfaces the Decoder to the computer. The Scanner scans the Bar Code symbol and captures the bars and spaces of the bar code and sends it to the decoder. The decoder translates the bars and spaces into corresponding electrical output and transmits that data to the computer in a traditional data format. A bar code scanner can either have the Decoder built into it, or be "undecoded". Undecoded bar code scanner requires a separate box called an interface or keyboard wedge.

Bar code readers come in either ...

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Bar code readers come in either "keyboard wedge" output or RS232 output. A bar code reader with keyboard wedge output plugs directly into the keyboard port on your computer and also provides a pigtail connector to plug in your keyboard simultaneously. When a bar code is scanned with the keyboard wedge bar code reader, the bar code data goes into the computer as if it were typed in on the keyboard.

In Whipps Cross Hospital when they sell drugs, they have to scan the bar code, so they no what they have sold.

> CCTV camera is a unit containing an imaging device that produces a video signal in the basic bandwidth they, are used to see what is happening in the different areas of Whipps Cross Hospital, it is mainly used for security and to record how people or patients behave.

>A web cam is a real time camera whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web, instant messaging, or a PC video calling application. Generally, a digital camera delivers images to a web server, either continuously or at regular intervals. Web cams in Whipps Cross Hospital can be used for meeting or if and patients in another country are ill or have a disease and they need help with what to do then they can have a web cam conversation.

Output devices

> A printer outputs data that is seen on the computer screen. Most printers are used through a parallel port, but some newer ones use USB connections. USB is somewhat faster, but there's not much of a difference for printers. Networked computers usually print to a printer through the network card. The most crucial printer measurement is its dots per inch rating. Printers are used in hospitals to print out important information or documents. Like the patient’s results and other important papers, so the information in kept safe and can be shown to other people easily e.g. patients in Whipps Cross Hospital and there families.

> Fax Machines is a device that sends and receives printed pages or images over telephone lines by converting them to and from electronic signals. . Fax machines are very essential in hospitals because that way the doctors can send the patient’s results to anywhere around the world who has a fax machine. This is a quicker process so, it makes it easier for Whipps Cross Hospital to send and receive documents.

> Monitors; A computer display, monitor or screen is a computer peripheral device capable of showing still or moving images generated by a computer and processed by a graphics card. Monitors generally conform to one or more display standards. Sometimes the name "display" is preferred to the word "monitor", as the latter is perceived to be ambiguous alongside the other senses of "monitor" meaning "machine-level debugger" or "thread synchronization mechanism". The monitors come with a stand that allows the adjustment of the height of the monitor. Whipps Cross Hospital used a monitor to see the data that appears on the computer screen.

> A photocopy machine is an electronic duplicator that fuses a reproduced image to plain bond paper. it is a process which makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. The prevalence of its use is one of the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office heralded early in the digital revolution. You need a photocopy machine to photocopy important documents like a patient’s birth certificate in Whipps Cross Hospital.

Most photocopy machines in Whipps Cross Hospital work as follows:

A copier drum is given a positive charge.

The image from the original copy illuminates the charged drum and a image is formed.
Static electricity attracts to the drum surface and a visible image is formed.
Toner on the drum is transferred to paper by positive charging.
After the image transfer process is completed, the paper is separated from the drum surface.
Toner on the copy paper is firmly fixed when the paper runs between heat and pressure rollers.
A cleaning blade wipes off excess toner.
The drum is exposed by a neon lamp to erase remaining static charge.

Processors

> Microprocessor in Whipps Cross Hospital can be programmed to perform a great number of information-handling tasks. It can serve as a general-purpose computer for instructional or word-processing use, to control other machines or industrial processes such as making food products, and for handheld calculators. Its advent was brought about by the progressive miniaturization of integrated circuits and by advances in semiconductor technology. You need a microprocessor in Whipps Cross Hospital computer to hand in all the data that they deal with.

Storage

> Servers; In computing, a server is A computer software application that carries out some task (i.e. provides a service) on behalf of yet another piece of software called a client. In the case of the Web: An example of a server is the Apache Web Server, and an example of a client is the Mozilla Web Browser. Other server (and client) software exists for other services such as e-mail, printing, remote login, and even displaying graphical output. Whipps Cross uses this to handle all the computers.

>. Hard Disks; Commonly refers to a form of magnetic media that uses a hard metal disk to store data. Unlike its "floppy" counterparts, a hard disk can typically hold much more data and is much faster, but is non-removable, or "fixed" to your computer. This is typically where the computer’s operating system and other software is installed. The terms "hard disk" and "hard drive" are often used interchangeably since the disk and the drive are usually contained in the same unit. You need hard disk in Whipps Cross Hospital because then you can save your information and convert it to ant other computers, so in that way the doctors in Whipps Cross can work at home computers and can also easily convert that information in the hospital computers. It can also save a lot of information so if your computer stops working for some reason (broken down). You still have the information in your hard disks e.g. USB.

Ports/Cables

> USB cables The Universal Serial Bus or cable was developed around the idea that users should be able to run multiple peripherals on their computers without the hassle of physically installing boards, manually allocating system resources, individually configuring devices, and powering the computer up and down every time equipment needs change. With USB cable, up to 127 individual peripheral devices can be connected to a host computer using a single interface and a system of USB hubs. Most computers have two USB ports. In Whipps Cross Hospital you need a USB cable to also save your works and important documents from one computer to another.

> Internet Cable/ Ethernet; this is a method of file transfer that uses dedicated cables rather than dial up phone lines. Ethernets are usually set up attaching end users to a central system like an Intranet. It was invented by Xerox believe it or not. you need a internet cable in Whipps Cross Hospital to provide you with the internet facilities.

> Firewire; A type of cabling technology for transferring data to and from digital devices at high speed. Some professional digital cameras and memory card readers connect to the computer over FireWire. FireWire card readers are typically faster than those that connect via USB. Also known as IEEE 1394, FireWire was invented by Apple Computer but is now commonly used with Windows-based PCs as well. Whipps Cross Hospital need Firewire because it’s faster way to transfer data from cameras and videos.

Software

> Microsoft Office is a suite of productivity programs created by Microsoft and developed for Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems. As well as the office applications, it includes associated servers and Web-based services. It is used in Whipps Cross to make different presentations e.g. to write letters.

Word Processor is a type of Microsoft office it is mainly used to write reports. Enables you to perform task by typing them on the computer

> system software helps run the and . It includes , , diagnostic tools, , , and more. The purpose of systems software is to insulate the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of the particular computer complex being used, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory devices as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc. Whipps Cross Hospital need this softwear so they can run the computer more easily.

> usually provides tools to assist a in writing and software using different in a more convenient way. The tools include , , , , , and so on. An (IDE) merges those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type multiple for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE usually has an advanced , or GUI. Whipps Cross Hospital need this because they can use software programming.

> allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer related) . Typical applications include , , , , , and . Businesses are probably the biggest users of application software, but almost every field of human activity now uses some form of application software. It is used to automate all sorts of functions.Whipps Cross need this so they can do different taskes so it will be easier for them and more faster.

In conclusion Whipps cross hospital need all sort of ICT to make their work more faster and easier. with all the different devices they can save all the work on the computer and use all the input and outputs which makes life much more easier.