What affect does the surface area of a beet have on the rate of osmosis taking place through an intact cell membrane?

Analysis

B) The larger the surface area of the beet the higher the rate of osmosis or pigment leakage. The larger the surface area, the more effective would be the effect of the solvents on the tissue because of the greater contact surface area as well as the shorter diffusion path.

c) To prevent the loss of color a the beet should be cooked with some of its stalk intact.

j.) It can be used to find out the Ph of a solution as under an acid the anthocyanin remain red while in a base the anthocyanin turns greenish yellow

h. Storage root growth starts when sugar needs for basic metabolism, top growth, and fibrous root development have been met. This commonly occurs during early leaf development, when the tops have nearly reached maximum size for a given environment.

Diphenylamine test

A drop or two of diphenylamine reagent on the cut surface of the root will result in a blue color if nitrate is present. This easy test can be made in the field and is useful in diagnosing possible causes for the yellowing of sugar beet leaves. If the reagent remains colorless, this indicates the yellowing is due to nitrogen deficiency. If nitrate is present, then the yellowing is due to other causes, sulfur deficiency, for instance.

A source of error would be the judgment of color intensities. A solution to this problem would be to use a colorimeter. Another source of error would be due to the physical damage done to the beetroot cells when handling them. The solution to this would be to handle the beetroot with care. Another error may have been due to sampling errors as the beetroot discs may have come from different parts of a beetroot or even from different beetroot. The solution would be to use beetroot from the same root and to use tissue that look almost the same color. Another problem that may arise would be due to the fact that the beetroot pieces were not of the same width affecting the surface area. An improvement would be to use a machine with blades a certain distance from each other. (machine at the back of the room)

Surface Area

cube = 6 a 2 

prism:
    (lateral area) = perimeter(b) L
    (total area) = perimeter(b) L + 2b 

sphere = 4 pi r 2 

Areas

square = a 2 

rectangle = ab

parallelogram = bh

trapezoid = h/2 (b1 + b2)

circle = pi r 2 

ellipse = pi r1 r2 

triangle = (1/2) b h

equilateral triangle = (1/4)(3) a 2 

triangle given SAS = (1/2) a b sin C

triangle given a,b,c = [s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)] when s = (a+b+c)/2 (Heron's formula) 

regular polygon = (1/2) n sin(360°/n) S2
   when n = # of sides and S = length from center to a corner

Source: math.com