How has the role and impact of military rulers and civilian politicians differed in Pakistan's political experience? To what extent have they succeeded in addressing elite and sectional interests, and social and regional tensions?

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How has the role and impact of military rulers and civilian politicians differed in Pakistan's political experience? To what extent have they succeeded in addressing elite and sectional interests, and social and regional tensions? Discuss and give reasons for your arguments.

INTRODUCTION:

This year Pakistan will celebrate its 56th anniversary on 14th August, 2003. Among these 56 years, Pakistan has been ruled more by the military leaders than the civil leaders. India which also got its independence with us has not seen even a single military coup in its entire history. Due to this reason India is recognized in the entire world as the largest democratic country after United States of America. If we compare Indian with Pakistan, we would realize that India has a very strong parliament, free press and media, a very strong and independent judiciary, strong government departments. The democratic institutions have their roots in the grass root level of their population. These are the things which block the way of military intervention. On the other hand, in Pakistan, unfortunately, never in its entire history a serious attempt has been made to make the parliament stronger. The press and the media have always