1. Introduction

The following report is part of the module In-Company Project which is to complete the Bachelor in Management at the University . The project is in cooperation with the campaign ‘show racism the red card’.

Show Racism the Red Card is an anti-racist charity which was established in January 1996 with the aim of using Professional footballers as anti-racist role models. Although racism is on the decline in professional football, it is unfortunately on the increase in British and indeed European society. The aim of the campaign is to combat racism through anti-racist education and professional footballers are showing the way in terms of making a stand and fighting racism. ()

The contribution of the project is a research study about the entry barriers for black and ethnic minorities to enter in a football club, especially for the youth. It attempts to identify the fundamental reasons why so few football players in Scotland are from ethnic minorities. The research study covers selected clubs from the Scottish Premier League (SPL)        

2. Aim & Objectives

The aim of the project is:

Try to find reasons – or even hypotheses – as to why so few football players in Scotland are from ethnic minorities.

The real difficulty lies indeed not in determining what objectives we need, but in deciding how to set them. There is only one fruitful way to make this decision: by determining what shall be measured in each area and what the yardstick of measurement should be.    Drucker P.F. 1961

*There are many reasons which explain why so few football players in Scotland are from ethnic minorities.

Most of ethnic monitory group think that football is not the main job they are willing to pursue as a career.

Racism plays a big part in changing people interest like this sport. Sometimes It affects them to move country to play football because they don’t take part in a football match and they been treated badly unless if they are playing for their own country &club. This racism will have psychological effect over the black players and that will harm their future.

Parents’ from ethnic background have taken part to guide and lead their children to behave in a certain way, to get them better education, better job and life.

Most parents do not encourage their kids to be footballers as a main job   but they don’t mind them playing football as an entertainment. They think   that they don’t get respected from the society.

They would rather  do  a good science degree  like being  a doctor , pharmacist  ,,,etc rather than  wasting their time  with football .  Also, maybe because    playing football doesn’t help or save people’s life and can’t change or improve the community, education or the health service. If the footballer dose not have a degree in any other field what other type of job can he get when he is sacked from the clubs?!

Other reason, they might prefer to play other types of sport such as boxing, horse rider, car racing …etc

In addition, football causes many damages to the society, it causes hatred between different teams so fights and problems due to racism usually arise. Sometimes, family members support opposing teams making them fight and the family will break up and will not be united.

The objectives to achieve the aim are:

Contact the clubs to get information’s from their own databases.

A survey of percentages of ethnic minorities in SPL clubs youth initiatives.

Including the survey try to make first hypotheses.

Do interviews with young football players at training nights/matches.

Try to underpin the first hypotheses with the opinions of the players.

Do Research on internet to find former studies about the topic.

Try to collect hypotheses from other countries and compare with Scotland.

3. Literature Review  

 Around the beginning of the 16th century the word “race” was introduced into European languages. This shows that evidence of racial discrimination can be detected in much earlier historical periods than in the 20th century.

Racism, doctrine, belief, or assumption that inherited biological differences causes some human subpopulations to be fundamentally different from others. In this sense, racism originated in the mid-19th century.

By the beginning of the 20th century there were frequent discussions of the “race problem”, meaning the social and political consequences of biological differences between human groups. By the end of the 20th century an equally general view was that the “problem” was not race but racism, meaning both the prevalence of racist doctrine and the practice of racial discrimination.

The first version of what is called “scientific racism” was an attempt to solve this problem. According to the doctrine of permanent racial types, the world was divided into a series of natural provinces. There are a range of collectives which are rarely analysed together like Welsh, Irish, Jewish, Arab, white, African, Indian, etc.

3.1 Racism

Racism is an inescapable fact of life. Previously Racism had been used to denote a type of doctrine and was often distinguished from “racialism”. The International Convention had defined racial discrimination as a practice that resembled a crime. They added that racism its defined  as any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise, on equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, or any other field of public life.”

The ICERD

International Council on Human Rights Policy  argues  that “racism has not disappeared… but trying to confront forms of racism that are  more complex or are linked to wider issues, such as changes in the nature of the state, gender discrimination, or marginalisation due to developments in the global economy.

3.2 Racism in UK

Britain welcomes all types of culture which have a mix of different populations. There are people of many different skin colours and religions living in the UK. It has evolved with Christian, protestant, Muslim, Sikh, Hindus and Jews. Around 7% of the population is non-white, and the percentage is higher in London and other big cities.

 

 Racism in UK it is not accepted by UK law but is still used frequently and is developed day after day by some people not a lot. It is been noted that ethnic monitory groups are more likely to  be  unemployment than the white people at 13 %, More than one in five people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin are unemployed .in addition, People of Ethnic minorities have a lower  household income than equivalent whites.

On the other hand , Nazroo and Rudat suggests that most ethnic minority groups make a greater  use of health care than the whites, however ,the quality of the care offered to them are of lesser quality and poorer compared to that offered to whites .

As a worse result of racism motivated actions is that 15 people were killed between 1992-95 in Britain. Most of them stabbed in south -east London because some people believe that ‘black’ people were negatively different from white’s populations by their colour, nationality or ethnicity.

 The UK is usually a safe country but nowadays there are many causes which can lead people in the UK to sometime be racist.  Actually, there are some racists who do not like foreign people who live in the UK, either as immigrants or as visitors. That exists and is more common in areas where there are many immigrants.

The biggest factors of racism in Britain are the culture racism, that leads the UK to concern the theories of racism, the major focus of the relationship between racism and concept of nation is the constructions of the Islam .historically, Islam emerged as central racialised discourse in Britain in the late 1980, even if it has more frequently been skin colour. It was the fact that members of ethnic minorities in Britain were portrayed as being between two cultures. Muslim entry into a significant position in the theorisation of racism in UK so it has to be seen not only in the context of political but also in demographic developments in UK.

The UK faces many dangerous situations in daily life which should be   avoided. For example, some of ethnic minority group might be at greater risk than local people because of their Illegal immigration. Most of the illegal immigrants are looking to get illegal work and not paying taxes. Therefore, the UK decided to increase the maximum jail term for those convicted of harboring or trafficking illegal immigrants from six months to 14 years. Also, the UK today is using new technology such as Border guards. This helps to catch people who try to get into the country on different occasions using false identities.

Sometimes, there is some risk of a possible terrorist attack within the UK .it is probably more around London and in Northern Ireland. That’s inhumanity   behaviour of some terrorises guide the UK to be more racial to all black population not only to those terrorise. This war against terrorism will increase and encourage the chances for racism. It is also been suggested that being racial is a good way to reduce the chance of being attacked.

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Also, another reason of racism is the approach to black and ethnic minority people which results in a failure for black to satisfy their needs, or to have normal life in UK. In addition, isolated black and ethnic minority groups in limited places that increase the difficulties for black to have effective support, consultative structures or mechanisms.

Overall, actually Racism is varying in UK in quantity and in the type. For example, it is wild spread and more in London and Ireland and less in Scotland. Scotland known as more peace and quiet place.

The ...

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