Ti(s) + 2H2O(g) TiO2(s) + 2H2(g)
Reaction of titanium with the halogens
Titanium does react with the halogens upon warming to form titanium(IV) halides. The reaction with fluorine requires heating to 200°C. So, titanium reacts with fluorine, F2, chlorine, Cl2, bromine, I2, and iodine, I2, to form respectively titanium(IV) bromide, TiF, titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl, titanium(IV) bromide, TiBr, and titanium(IV) iodide, TiI.
Ti(s) + 2F2(g) TiF4(s) [white]
Ti(s) + 2Cl2(g) TiCl4(l) [colourless]
Ti(s) + 2Br2(g) TiBr4(s) [orange]
Ti(s) + 2I2(g) TiI4(s) [dark brown]
Reaction of titanium with acids
Dilute aqueous hydrofluoric acid, HF, reacts with titanium to form the complex anion [TiF6]3- together with hydrogen, H2.
2Ti(s) + 12HF(aq) 2[TiF6]3-(aq) + 3H2(g) + 6H+(aq)
Titanium metal does not react with mineral acids at ambient temperature but does react with hot hydrochloric acic to form titanium(III) complexes.
Reaction of titanium with bases
Titanium does not appear to react wih alkalis under normal conditions, even when hot.
Uses
The following for titanium are gathered from a as well as from anecdotal comments. I'd be delighted to receive corrections as well as additional referenced uses (please use the feedback mechanism to add uses).
Titanium is used for alloys with with aluminium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, and other metals. These alloys of titanium are used principally in the aerospace industry, for both airframes and engines, where lightweight strength and ability to withstand extremes of temperature are important. Titanium is as strong as steel, but much lighter. It is twice as strong as aluminium. It is nearly as resistant to corrosion as platinum. Titanium is a component of joint replacement parts, including hip ball and sockets.
It has excellent resistance to sea water and is used for propeller shafts, rigging, and other parts of ships exposed to salt water. A titanium anode coated with platinum provides cathodic protection from corrosion by salt water. Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared radiation, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor viewing conditions.
Pure titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. It is produced artificially for use as a gemstone, but it is relatively soft. Star sapphires and rubies exhibit their asterism as a result of the presence of TiO2. The dioxide is used extensively for paint as it is permanent and has good covering power. Titanium oxide pigment accounts for the largest use of the element.
