Chemistry Lab The effects of heating different substances

Varij Gosine

Title- The effects of heating different substances

Introduction- In this exercise, it was required to observe carefully what happened when certain substances were heated in a burner, and to note the appearance of the residue after heating.

Aim-To observe the effects of heating different substances.

Apparatus-5 test tubes, powdered samples of 1) Lead (II) nitrate. 2) Copper (II) sulphate.5water. 3) Ammonium Chloride. 4) Zinc sulphate. 5) Basic copper (II) carbonate, blue and red litmus paper, splint, Bunsen burner, distilled water, spatula, tweezers and tongs.

Method-

A spatula was used to place 1g of ammonium chloride into a test tube.
Distilled water was used to dampen the red and blue litmus paper
Matches was used to light the Bunsen burner
Using the flame of the Bunsen burner the splint was lit and then blown out leaving a glowing splint
The tongs was used to hold the test tube “A” over the lit Bunsen burner and the blue and red litmus paper was held at the opening of the test tube
The glowing splint was then placed inside test tube ”A”
Observations relating to ...

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Method-

A spatula was used to place 1g of ammonium chloride into a test tube.
Distilled water was used to dampen the red and blue litmus paper
Matches was used to light the Bunsen burner
Using the flame of the Bunsen burner the splint was lit and then blown out leaving a glowing splint
The tongs was used to hold the test tube “A” over the lit Bunsen burner and the blue and red litmus paper was held at the opening of the test tube
The glowing splint was then placed inside test tube ”A”
Observations relating to the red and blue litmus and the glowing splint were then recorded.
Steps 1-7 was then repeated using the 4 other substances and lead (II) nitrate was heated in a controlled environment.

Observations-

Discussion-The solids that underwent colour change upon heating include cupric carbonate, copper(II) sulphate and lead(II) nitrate. The solids that evolved water vapor upon heating was cupric carbonate and copper(II) sulphate the was proven by the formation of water droplets. The solid that underwent sublimation is ammonium chloride. Sublimation is the process by which a solid transforms directly to a gas and vice versa. The only solid that gave off oxygen while heating was the lead(II) nitrate this was proven when the glowing splint relit when it was placed inside the test tube. The solids that gave off and acidic gas upon heating was Zinc sulphate, ammonium chloride, lead(II) nitrate, copper (II) sulphate and cupric carbonate.

Sources of error-the blue litmus paper turned red when it was set down on the table so more litmus paper hat to be moistened before continuing.

Conclusion-after completing this experiment the chemical equations for what took place was found and they are: