GCSE: Organic Chemistry
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- Marked by Teachers essays 10
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Reaction of Alcohol Lab
5 star(s)solubility; mixture should be heterogeneous Takes much longer than 5min to turn cloudy Colour changes; pH should turn acidic; since it becomes an aldehyde and then a carboxylic acid s-butanol 2nd highest solubility; mixture should be heterogeneous Turns cloudy after ~5min Colour changes; pH should remain neutral, since it becomes a ketone t-butanol Highest solubility; mixture should be homogeneous Forms precipitate and turns cloudy immediately No colour change, since it doesn't react with potassium permanganate at all Observation Chart: Distilled Water Solution Colourless Transparent Odourless Lucas Reagent Solution Colourless Transparent A sharp, intense odour Distilled Water Solution Colourless Transparent Odourless
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What an ester is, how it is made, examples of esters, animal testing issues and ethics.
4 star(s)Cosmetics are things that many people want, but they do not necessarily need it, so when the cosmetic industry have to test on animals to meet the need of demanding customers, the animal testing argument prevails. Are humans selfish and care about the appearance of themselves than an animal that has to battle through their short life because someone wants to look better? What is an ester? An ester is an organic compound that is formed from an organic acid and alcohol.
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Experiment to investigate the heat of combustion of alcohols.
4 star(s)* Heat Loss - Heat is always lost during this reaction. Some of the heat will not be used to heat the water in the beaker, altering the overall result. Therefore heat proof mats are used to keep it in as much as possible. * Equipment - Changing equipment may alter the result in some way due to flaws in the apparatus, which will alter the result. * Beaker Material - The tin can must always be used to avoid using both the glass and the tin, changing results as they both conduct heat differently.
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An experiment to investigate the rate of reaction between
5 star(s)This will lead to more collision, so the rate of reaction will increase also. Doubling the concentration will double the number of particles and also double the number of collision, doubling the rate of reaction in direct proportion. Before I carried out my 'real' experiment, I completed a preliminary experiment. I chose to test 0.4, 1.2 and 2.0 molar. I left the reaction for a total of 25 seconds and my results are as follows. Concentration Mass before Mass after Mass change 0.4 4.99 4.72 0.27 1.2 4.98 4.49 0.49 2.0 4.99 4.01 0.98 From my results I have come to the conclusion that they do support my prediction.
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Heat Energy Experiment Aim: To measure the heat energy released in a burning fuel.
5 star(s)* The mass of the watch glass was then re-measured. * The final temperature of the water was recorded. For safety reasons a heat-proof tile was placed under the watch glass and goggles were used. The fuel was lighted with a splint and not the Bunsen burner, and the experiment area was completely clear for space. For accuracy, the maximum temperature of the water was measured. The fuel was not left for a long time as the water would evaporate and the bottom of the test tube was cleaned in order not to interfere with the heating process. To make it a fair test, the time taken of different fuels to burn could be measured.
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Chemistry coursework - Fuels
5 star(s)Propanol will require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the third and Methanol the least amount of energy to break these bonds. Methanol CH3OH Ethanol C2H5OH Propanol C3H7OH Butanol C4H9OH Pentanol C5H10OH Therefore I predict that Methanol will be the 'best' fuel, followed by Ethanol, then Propanol and the worst fuel will be Butanol. Apparatus Clamp 100ml beaker Thermometer Matches Safety Goggles Heatproof mat Spirit burner Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol Preliminary work In year 7 we lit three alcohols and heated same amount of water to get the difference between the starting temperature and the ending temperature.
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First aid project - treating common injuries in the laboratory.
4 star(s)After all of the chemical is washed away and the burn is not painful, cover the it with a sterile dressing. Injury from breathing in fumes or swallowing chemicals- 1. Make sure the casualty is able to breathe and, if necessary, clear their airway. Check their pulse and begin CPR if necessary, but do not give mouth to mouth so as to not put yourself at risk 2. Do not make the casualty throw up, unless the Poison Control tells you to do so.
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Growing Alum Crystals
4 star(s)It is also used in dyeing, tanning, fire proofing textiles, vegetable glues and baking powder (Orica Watercare, 2008). An ionic lattice is a structure of millions of atomic formations of an ionic substance like buildings into one 3-D formation. The molecules are positioned orderly with a repetitive arrangement. In an ionic crystal lattice structure, the anions are mostly larger than the cations where the anions form crystal array and the cations reside in holds between the anions. Many different kinds of ionic lattices and patterns depend on the complexity of the molecules.
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Burning Fuels Coursework
4 star(s)This is because of its relatively low price when compared to the other fuels. Buntanol is the fourth largest molecule - and as such it provides more energy (27.10 KJ/g) and at the lowest price (�6.10) than any of the others specified. To measure the energy expelled by each of the fuels, the following formula was used: Mass x Specific Heat Capacity X Temperature Rise = Heat Energy Gained (kg) (J/KgoC) (oC) (J) Specific heat capacity is the measure of the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a specific quantity of a substance by one Kelvin.
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Chemistry - Reactivity Serires report
4 star(s)Planning: Aims: In this experiment, I'm trying to prove that the higher reactivity metals in the metal solution will be able to replace the lower reactivity metal pieces. Also to prove the metal, magnesium, will have the highest reactivity out of the five different metals. Then I believe that after the experiment we should be able to learn which metal is reactive and be careful with them in the future time. Variables: 1. The metal pieces used in the experiment. 2. The metal solutions used in the solution. Control Variables: 1. The measurement of metal solutions for the experiment. 2.
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