Determing the Factor that Affect Heart Rate

Prediction: - I predict that during exercise the heart rate will substantially increase, and then decrease afterwards. This will tale place during the resting period.

Analyse: - From my results I found out that the heart rate of the students increased substantially after exercise. This was true for all students. After the exercise had been performed (resting period), the heart rate gradually decreased, hopefully to its resting or “normal” heart rate. This was also true for all students.

The resting rate and the heart rate at the end of the exercise; approximately 6 minutes after should be exactly the same as the

The patterns that I found out from the results during the 6 minutes resting rate, in which also the heart rate was recorded, was that, it gradually decreased towards rate which is exactly the same as the resting rate.

Another pattern that I have found is that the reading taken immediately after exercise and that at one minute has the greatest difference in beats. Other consecutive minutes decrease at a smaller difference. This is observed in all students.

This can be seen in the 3rd persons results.

As you can see the resting rate is 82 beats per minute. The rate after exercise is 113 beats per minute. As you can now see, after this reading at each consecutive minute, the heart rate starts to decrease. At the end of 6 minutes the heart rate has returned to normal (resting pace).

This is the same similar to all other students. Their resting rate approximately matches their heart rate 6 minutes after exercise.

My conclusion is the heart rate increases immediately after exercise and then decreases after exercise. This is because during exercise muscles are being used in various parts of the body. Muscles n the body require energy and they produce this energy by respiration. Respiration is the intake of oxygen in a combination of glucose and water to produce energy. Oxygen is then transported via the blood to the muscles. He muscles then take the oxygen and use it to produce energy. It also uses a combination of water and glucose in the reaction.

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water

The heart pumps the oxygen around the body, proportionally to the usage of the energy. This is because oxygen is a limiting factor. This is a factor that can affect the outcome of a reaction if not in the correct amounts.

As exercise is carried, energy needs to be carried out to proceed with the exercise. For extra energy to be produced the muscles need more oxygen.

The only way that there could be oxygen is f more gets pumped ...

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Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water

As exercise is carried, energy needs to be carried out to proceed with the exercise. For extra energy to be produced the muscles need more oxygen.

The only way that there could be oxygen is f more gets pumped around the body. This means that the heart has to pump faster to produce a higher concentration in the blood. It pumps fates in order to supply enough oxygen required for that particular exercise.

The heart rate of any human is controlled by the nervous system and hormonal secretions by the glands and the organs.

The sympathetic of the two antagonistic divisions make up the nervous system. The sympathetic division stimulates the heart, dilates the bronchi, contracts the arteries and inhibits the digestive system, preparing the human for physical action. Impulses are sent along nerve fibres, which are sent to ganglia.

The ganglia is connected to the central nervous system, which is then connected to the spinal cord. Fibres of the parasympathetic system arise in the brain, especially the vagus and accessory nerves, which pass to ganglia and plexuses within the various organs. This is how the change in heart rate occurs. It is also due to the response of the body to the secretion of hormones by the heart and other chemicals within the body.

*The brain detects the carbon dioxide produced by the muscles. When this happens the heart sends nerve impulses to heart telling it to beat faster. As it beats faster the person breathes more. This reaction is a normal reflex in the human body.

The rate at which the heart rate returns to normal in the students reflects their level of fitness. The quicker they return too normal the fitter they are; the slower the more unfit they are. This is shown in the results, however not backed up by a description of the student. The results reflect this theory.

This is the reason for the apparent difference between some student’s heart rate after 6 minutes and other student’s heart rates.

The steeper the gradient of the graph the fitter the person, the less steeper the gradient of the graph the more unfit the person. But all results show that all students reached their resting heart rate at the end of 6 minutes. No student achieved this before 6 minutes.

In my results I have spotted some anomalous results. These are results, which do not fit the trend. The anomalous results found are as follows: -

Person 1: 1 anomalous result, at 3 minutes
Person 2: 1 anomalous result, at 2 minutes
Person 3 : 3 anomalous results, at 2,3,5 minutes
Person 4: 1 anomalous result, at 5 minutes
Person 5: 3 anomalous results, at 2,3,6 minutes

EVALUATION: - From looking at the results and the graphs I think that the method wasn’t very good, and there are too many anomalous results.

I think that the procedure that they used in the experiment was o.k. however accuracy and an evidence of a procedure containing a fair test could have been more implemented. Judging from the results the procedure that they used wasn’t very reliable and good. A higher level of the aspect fair test could have been used.

By looking at the results I have suggested a few factors that could be responsible for the fault in the procedure

Each students could have been in a different emotional state, e.g. stress etc.
The students could have different levels of fitness. This would result in his resting time being much longer than of a fitter person. One student might be fit and the other not.
Before the experiment would have been carried out, the students could have ran there or jogged, this increasing their heart rate before the experiment. This now becomes an unfair experiment.
During the resting time, one or the others could have seen or heard something or moved randomly so suddenly that it had an affect on the heart rate. This again results in an unfair test.
The experiment could have been done at different times or in a different physical activity that would demand more energy than the other activity.
There could have been inaccuracy in counting the heart rate.

Improvements that I could make to the method are as follows: -

Ensure that once all students are gathered together, they all have 10 minutes resting time
The experiment must last for 6 minutes. The activity must be of one that everyone can do at the same time. This should be like jogging around a field once maybe twice.
When resting no students should move or interact with anyone else.
Make sure that everyone starts to record his or her heart rate at the same time.
* You could repeat the experiment more.
Have students doing the experiment at the same speed and size
Have students of similar size and weight, or group them in groups of their size/weight etc.

Explanation of each anomalous result: -

The anomalous result in person 1’s result at 3 minutes could have been caused by a reaction by the person. This is because the result isn’t far off the line of best fit. If it were a movement then the heart rate would have significantly increased. However this was not the case.
The anomalous result in person 2 at 3 minutes again could have been a reaction to something. It could also be a change in emotional state. The person could have laughed or shouted. This would have caused the anomalous result.
The 1st anomalous result in the 3rd person at 2 minute could have been caused by a movement or a large change in emotions. This is because the result is quiet far off the line of best fit. The 2nd anomalous result at 3 minutes could have been caused by a large movement or a big change in emotions. This could be laughing for a long time or moving about. The actual result is very far off the line of best fit. The 3rd anomalous result is significantly off the line of best fit. This could have been caused by movement or a change in emotions. It could also be caused by the low accuracy in measuring the heart rate. The person could have been disturbed and inaccurately measured the heart rate
The anomalous result in the 4th person at 5 minutes could have been caused by movement by the person or a change in emotion. This could have been caused by another person or a reaction he had to something or maybe a gesture by another person.
The 1st anomalous result in the 5th person at 2 minutes is very far off the line of best fit. This result could be a result in the person still in effect constantly moving, or that he has an extremely slow recovery time. This again shows that this person is unfit. The 2nd anomalous result could have been caused by the same thing as in the 2nd minute. This result is also very far off the line of best fit. The 3rd anomalous result is also far off the line of best fit. Overall these results show me that this person carried out an unfair test. He didn’t keep still when recording his results. This could be the only reason that could have caused these irregular results.

NEW PLAN: - To make/improve the experiment I have suggested a new method that can and could replace the present. My proposed method is as follows: -

Firstly group 10 students in suitable groups depending on their size and weight. Then group the students in the correct criteria. Once this is done give each student the same kind of stopwatch. (This would reduce the % of low accuracy within the experiment. By grouping the students it would produce a fairer and more explanative set of results. It would become easier to analyse the results and compare them between fit and unfit people). Now choose an exercise, which each group can do at the same, at the same place.

This ensures a fair test. Get all students to start and end the exercise at the same times. This ensures a fair test and accurate results.

Then start the students off on the exercise for approximately minutes. This would give enough time for the heart to warm up. At the end of two minutes stop all the students and immediately after this instruct them to measure their heart rate. By this time all students must be motionless. Tell them after this to start timing 1 minute on their stopwatch. All students now must record their heart rate at the end of each minute for 6 minutes in total.

Whilst the students are recording their heart rate their hands must be firmly pressed against their chest so that they can feel the heart beat. All students must stay still sitting on a chair throughout measuring their heart rate, apart from when they record it immediately after the exercise.