Does changing the temperature of the acid affect the speed of reaction?

When I have all my results on a table and a lined graph, which looks like he one below, I can then see how fast each of the different temperatures of acids reacted with the magnesium ribbon by looking at the steepness of the lined graph (gradient).

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE (cm³)

0

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

00

10

20

30

FAIR TEST

To make this investigation a fair test I will use the same amount of hydrochloric acid by using an appropriate measuring cylinder to make sure I'm going to use exactly 20ml of acid. The only item I will change is the temperature of the acids because that's what I'm trying to find out if changing the temperature of the acid make a difference in the speed of reaction.

PREDICTION

I think that if the temperature of the acid is at 50°C the speed of reaction will be faster. This might happen because the acid will have more energy than normal because it has been heated. So if the atoms of the acid have more energy that means that they will vibrate faster than normal, and if they vibrate quicker they will hit or move the atoms of the magnesium ribbon and react much faster.

MORE VIBRATION - so that means that almost all of the acid particles have reacted with the magnesium ribbon, and that why I drew very few particles of acid because most of it has reacted with the magnesium ribbon.

Also I think that if the temperature of the acid is below room temperature then the speed of reaction will be very slow. This might happen because the atoms of the acid haven't been heated but have been cooled or even freeze. So that means that the atoms of the acid will have less energy or maybe no energy than normal so it will not vibrate a lot and it will move or hit the magnesium atoms very slowly.

LESS VIBRATION - so that means that almost all the acid atoms don't react a lot with the magnesium ribbon and that's why I drew more particles of acid, because not all of them have reacted with the magnesium ribbon.

RESULTS

Room Temperature

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

8

20

2.3

20

25

21

29

25

30

39

37

35

37

40

54

44

45

47.7

50

59

50

57

55.3

60

61

56

58

58.3

70

72

62

63

65.7

80

74

66

68

69.3

90

78

69

76

74.3

00

79

71

76

75.3

10

84

73

76

78.7

20

85

73

79

79

30

86

73

82

80.3

Acid at 40°C

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE

0

0

0

0

0

0

23

20

7

6.7

20

40

36

32

36

30

52

38

44

44.7

40

59

55

54

56

50

65

63

59

62.3

60

69

66

65

66.7

70

72

73

61

68.7

80

74

77

71

74

90

77

81

73

77

00

80

83

74

79

10

81

87

76

81.3

20

85

90

88

87.7

30

85

90

89

88

Acid at 50°C

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE

0

0

0

0

0

0

24

20

9

21

20

47

45

40

44

30

57

50

47

51.3

40

61

57

53

57

50

71

63

60

64.7

60

76

70

69

71.7

70

78

78

70

75.3

80

78

79

74

77

90

78

80

75

77.7

00

78

80

75

77.7

10

78

80

75

77.7

20

78

80

75

77.7

30

78

80

75

77.7

Acid at 2°C

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0

0

9.3

20

5

9

5

6.3

30

21

26

21

22.7

40

28

31

27

32

50

33

41

35

36.3

60

38

48

40

42

70

43

52

45

46.7

80

47

56

51

51.3

90

52

59

54

55

00

55

63

59

59

10

59

67

62

62.7

20

62

68

64

64.7

30

62

72

66

66.7

Acid in 45°C

TIME IN SEC.

VOLUME (cm³)

2nd time (cm³)

3rd time (cm³)

AVERAGE

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

2

3

4.3

20

28

33

30

30.3

30

43

45

46

44.7

40

50

64

60

58

50

56

66

65

62.3

60

60

70

69

66.3

70

68

73

70

70.3

80

74

75

72

73.7

90

76

77

73

75.3

00

79

78

75

77.3

10

81

78

77

78.7

20

81

78

78

79

30

81

78

79

79.3

ALL THE AVERAGES COLLECTED

VOLUME (cm³)

AVERAGES

TIME IN SEC

ACID AT 2ºC

ROOM TEMPERATURE

ACID AT 40°C

ACID AT 45°C

ACID AT 50°C

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9.3

2.3

6.7

4.3

21

20

6.3

25

36

30.3

44

30

22.7

37

44.7

44.7

51.3

40

32

47.7

56

58

57

50

36.3

55.3

62.3

62.3

64.7

60

42

58.3

66.7

66.3

71.7

70

46.7

65.7

68.7

70.3

75.3

80

51.3

69.3

74

73.7

77

90

55

74.3

77

75.3

77.7

00

59

75.3

79

77.3

77.7

10

62.7

78.7

81.3

78.7

77.7

20

64.7

79

87.7

79

77.7

30

66.7

80.3

88

79.3

77.7

Analysis

After I collected all my data from the experiments I then placed my results on a table and worked out the averages. Then I plotted them all on one graph because it's easier to compare them. So, this is a change, which I did instead of putting them all on different graphs because it will be a waste of time doing it and also, it will be hard to compare the results.

The most reactive acid was the acid at 50ºC because the graph shows that it was the highest volume at 10 seconds, but then the volume got less, as it got higher than 60 seconds. The reason for this might be because the atoms of the acid had more energy than the rest of the acid, and vibrated much faster than the others did. So that means that the atoms will vibrate or hit the piece of magnesium ribbon much faster and react quicker. At about 80 seconds the volume stayed the same. This might happen because the acid (which was at 50ºC) reacted very fast with the magnesium ribbon at the beginning of the experiment that it finished the magnesium ribbon towards the end. This proves my statement, which I wrote in my prediction about the acid that is at 50ºC, will react with the magnesium ribbon much faster.

The acid at 40ºC reacted second fastest with the magnesium ribbon, but it went on increasing more than the acid at 50ºC. This might happen because the atoms of the acid, which was at 40ºC, didn't have a lot of energy to vibrate faster with the magnesium ribbon so it didn't start reacting very quick at the beginning, so then it didn't manage to finish the magnesium ribbon at the end.

The acid, which was below room temperature, was the last fastest because on the graph it's the lowest line and increases gradually. This might happen because the acid didn't have enough energy to vibrate faster and react with the magnesium ribbon faster and if we continued that experiment it would keep on going for at least another 30 second. This is what I wrote in my prediction so it proves my prediction correct.

The Rate

I calculated the rate by using 60 seconds, because it's about in the middle between 0 and 130 seconds, and the units are in cm³/s. Then I plotted it in a graph with a line of best fit. This will help you estimate or predict what the rate will be at any temperature from 0ºC to 60ºC because if you go more than 60ºC it will or might explode. Here a table and a graph showing the results.

ACID TEMPERATURE

RATE (cm³/s)

Room temperature

.0

2ºC

0.7

40ºC

.1

45ºC

.1

50ºC

.2

Evaluation

I think the way I worked was good and very fast but I don't think I did it accurately because I had to rush it through to get time and do each experiment 3 times to get a more reliable results. So, I managed to get a more reliable result but not very accurate.

I got some anomalous results for the acid being at 45ºC because it should react faster than the acid at 40ºC because it's hotter and it will have more energy, but it didn't. It was completely the opposite. This might happen because I rushed it through and didn't heat to the exact temperature or it cooled down faster than the acid at 40ºC maybe because the air conditioner was put back on again.

To improve my investigation I should have extended it and did more experiments to get a good set of results and to be more accurate while doing them. Also, I can improve it by getting all the amount of magnesium ribbon needed and all the hydraulic acid needed, and to use up the time I should put some test tubes in the water bath or in ice to get to the temperature needed while doing another experiment because then I wouldn't have to wait and waste time for the acid to get to the temperature needed.