Ivan Pavlov was a Russian scientist who did experiments on a dog. While Ivan Pavlov worked to unveil the secrets of the digestive system. He also studied how when a dog encounters food, saliva starts to pour from the salivary glands located in the back of its oral cavity. This saliva is needed in order to make the food easier to swallow. The fluid also contains enzymes that break down certain things in the food. Pavlov became interested in studying reflexes when he saw that the dogs drooled without the proper stimulus. Although no food was in sight, their saliva still dribbled. It turned out that the dogs were reacting to lab coats. Every time the dogs were served food, the person who served the food was wearing a lab coat. Therefore, the dogs reacted as if food was on its way whenever they saw a lab coat. Ivan Pavlov did a few of experiments, and one of them he tried to figure out how these things were linked. For example, he struck a bell when the dogs were fed. If the bell was sounded in close association with their meal, the dogs learnt to associate the sound of the bell with food. After a while, at the sound of the bell made them drool.
Training dogs is a simple way of getting them to do what you want; it is also a good way to get them to get a bond between you and the dog. Without any basic obedience training, a dog may well still be a wonderful companion and friend for you, but how do you know that your dog is safe, and reliable in all situations. The thing is that you don't. By doing a bit of training you get the obedience you need for a happy dog. A good way of training a dog is to tell it to do something for example ‘sit’ and give it a treat and make a big fuss of them so next time you tell them to sit they know they will get a treat. Dogs like to be called good or something like that, so as they have gotten conditioned to do this particular thing they will automatically listen to you. This is some ways of how people train their dogs this shows how people condition their dogs.
Imprinting is when newly hatched or newborn is able to recognize its own from among other individuals of the same species. This process helps to ensure that the young will not become separated from their parents, even among large flocks or herds of similar animals. Imprinting occurs during a time shortly after hatching, when the chicks are near the nest and unlikely to encounter adults other than their parents. Many behavioral scientists have said that once an animal has imprinted on an object, it is never forgotten and the animal cannot imprint on any other object. And even when the chicks begin to encounter other animals they remain with their parents. Dogs go through an imprinting process too. In dogs, the sensitive period lasts roughly between a puppy’s 4th and 12th weeks of life. During that time, puppies learn who their mother is, and also learn about future mates and their social group. If a puppy is taken away from her mother at week 4 or 5, she does not have a chance to imprint on dogs as social partners. She does imprint on people, and subsequently thinks of herself as a person rather than as a dog. So when she is placed in the company of other dogs, she has neither the social skills to know how to interact with them. Fortunately for the dog-human bond, dogs can imprint on both dogs and people during the sensitive period of imprinting. If a dog is allowed to be with his mother and littermates from about week 4 to about week 8, he will imprint on dogs and will learn dog social skills. If the dog is then placed in the company of people during weeks 8-12, he will imprint on the people that he sees around him. While the effects of imprinting can sometimes be reversed, it takes a lot of work. A dog that had not imprinted on other dogs at an early age can be socialized, but it requires a lot of patience and effort on the part of the dog’s people.
Habituation is when the animal no longer reacts to the stimulus. Habituation for dogs is where they need to learn about the environment they live in. If they don't, they can have problems coping with life in general. Ideally this learning should begin when that are 12 weeks old, but if they don't have it, it's never too late to start. Our environment is generally very busy, dangerous and frightening. When dogs aren't used to our world, they can react with with an aggressive or scared response. This reaction is difficult to cope with, and really needs resolving. Otherwise related fears and anxieties can become very much worse. Every dog needs to experience the world around them; it's a basic requirement for building confidence. It also helps to remove insecurities and allows dogs to live a relaxed and happy life. Habituation is the psychological process in humans and animals in which there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after it had been repeated the experience of coming into contact with an environmental condition or social influence that has a harmful or beneficial effect to that stimulus over duration of time. An advantage of this is that it allows organisms to prevent the waste of energy on behavioral responses that are not necessary and a disadvantage of this is that if an animal becomes habituated so something that has potential danger it could be deadly. For example, if a deer is habituated to the sound of a gunshot.
Animals communicate in many ways such as using sounds or smell, body language, whistling or colours. An example of animal communication is when snails produce slime in their trails there is chemicals in this which indicate to other snail whether it is ready to mate or not and if the leader is hungry. Dog communication refers to body movements and sounds dogs use to send signals to other dogs, and other animals but usually humans. Dogs communicate in many ways and use movement the most these are movements of the ears, eyes, eyebrows, mouth, head, tail, and entire body, as well as barks, growls, whines and whimpers, and howls. What a dog does can mean many things such as when it wags it may mean excitement, anticipation, happiness and self confidence. One of the first forms of communication that will be observed is the greeting ritual. When a dog first encounters another dog, a brief assessment of aggression or friendliness is made. If one dog growls or barks, for instance, the encounter will usually end quickly, either by the other dog avoiding the encounter, or by a fight. Humans can also participate in a greeting ritual with a newly met dog, by bending down in front of or kneeling down to the dog, and slowly but confidently extending the hand to be sniffed in front of and just below the dog's snout. If the dog is timid or has a habit of snapping at strangers, it is best to allow the dog to come sniff your hand, rather than extending it into the dog's space (this can scare the dog away or incite aggression as a defensive measure). How the tail moves shows how the dog is feeling for example if the tail is held high that means the dog is alert and if it is between the legs the dog is afraid. If its ears facing forward means the dog is very attentive, while ears laid back suggests a negative, usually fearful or a timid reaction. When a dog does things with its mouth it can provide information about the dog's mood. When a dog wants to be left alone, it might yawn (although yawning also might indicate sleepiness, confusion, or stress) or start licking its mouth without the presence of any food. A very common form of communication is for a dog to lick another dog, or a person. Dogs lick other dogs' faces and mouths when they greet each other to indicate friendliness. Dogs like to lick human skin not only for the salt from the sweat, but also as a form of greeting, such as by briefly licking a person's hand after sniffing it. These were a few ways of how dogs communicate.
A hunting dog refers to any dog that is used for helping humans for many tasks. There are many breeds that help with this people use different breeds for the things they do. For example Sight hounds are well adapted for visual acuity and speed. They often have their prey sighted from a distance, stalked, pursued and neatly killed. Sight hounds work quickly and quietly, and are by nature independent. Scent hounds are hounds that primarily hunt by scent. Scent hounds are used to trail and sometimes kill game. They hunt in packs leading the hunters on a chase which may end in the quarry being chased into a tree or killed. Some of these breeds have deep, booming barks and use them when following a scent trail. Setters have a long history as upland gun dogs. They appear to have a native ability to locate and point at upland game birds. They flush the birds at the hunter's command. Pointers are dogs trained to locate and point at small game allowing the hunter to approach and flush the game. Pointing breeds cover more range than Spaniels. Feists are small dogs that hunt small game, especially squirrels, in a similar manner to large hounds hunting raccoons and large game. Feists may hunt in packs, and "bark up" on trees to alert the hunter. Using dogs for hunting can be dangerous for the dog and people say it’s wrong to use them for hunting things; it is exploiting the dog and saying that it has no animal welfare. When the hunters set the hounds lose to scare a deer it is putting the dog in danger as no one knows what might happen to it. The hunters use the dogs because it is less trouble for them to go and hunt the deer or something else themselves this is saying that the dog has no animal rights and that the hunter can do whatever he likes to the dog. The hunters also think that a helpless deer running away from a dog is exiting? Not very much as not only was the dog in danger but the animal that is getting hunted is also on the verge of dying.
Police dogs are trained in specific areas. Some of the specific police dog roles include: Tracking - Police dogs who specialize in tracking use their powerful sense of smell to track criminal suspects or missing persons. Tracking dogs are trained for years and can find even the most cunning criminal. Without police tracking dogs, many a suspect would escape from the police. Substance Detectors - These police dogs also use their sense of smell to help police, but in a different way from tracking dogs. Substance dogs focus on detecting a specific substance. Some dogs specialize in recognizing bombs or explosives. These brave dogs can are trained not only in detecting the explosive, but also how to respond and safely let their officer partner know where the explosive is located. Other dogs may focus on illegal drugs. These dogs help save officers from having to slowly search by hand through luggage or a car or other areas by quickly determining if an illegal substance is near. Public Enforcement - These police dogs assist officers in maintaining order. They may chase down a criminal suspect and hold them while the officer arrives or they may just guard an area (like a jail or prison) to keep suspects from escaping. Cadaver Dogs - These police dogs are trained in finding dead bodies. The police dogs help the police quite a lot and they get treated quite well. They give them exercise and bullet proof jackets so they don’t get hurt. Also if the dog dies they give it a proper funeral like they would do to any normal person. People always go on about if police dogs are right some say it’s good to have dogs helping as without them lots of suspects wouldn’t have been caught as humans don’t have the talents that dogs do. Some say its wrong as the dog could die and a suspect can kill it in some way.
Method
I did a survey and asked about 20 people. I made the survey valid because I asked people the same questions and the only thing I changed was that I asked different people. I also asked everyone around the same time this is good as people’s opinions change because of the weather; if I had asked them maybe in the summer they would probably be happier but as I asked everyone during the same week in the winter they’re opinions will all be fair as no one is happier than the other. I asked these particular questions either because of sayings that there have been going on for quite a long time and I wanted to see what people thought of this. Or questions just to see what people do for their dog and if they think that their dog is treated right or that dogs elsewhere are too. I asked about questions if dogs are exploited in different sorts of ways to see the random people’s points and views o this sort of thing. I asked the people these questions:
Do You Own A Dog?
Yes/No
If Yes Why Do You Have A Dog?
If Not Why? Will You Ever Buy One?
Do You Think Dogs Are Treated Right?
Do You Think Owners And Their Dogs Look Alike?
If You Have A Dog Then How Do You Train It?
Do You Believe In Using Dogs For Hunting?
Do You Think That Using Dogs For Entertainment Or For Helping With The Police Is Exploiting Them?
Data/Results
These are the answers to my questions and the average of what people thought.
Do You Own A Dog?
This bar chart says that most of the people I asked said they had dog so their answers would probably be more biased and be more towards the dog’s side.
If Yes Why Do You Have A Dog?
Most people said they had a dog because they like dogs or that they are dog people and don’t like cats and that they are a good friend but I don’t think that that is enough as with a dog comes great responsibility. Taking it out for walks and feeding it training it so it’s obedient. Although this also suggests that these people really do like dogs and wouldn’t want anything to happen to them and would do anything for it. Dogs are also quite good at keeping people from being depressed as one person said that if they didn’t have a dog they would have very high blood pressure and that is what keeps that person happy.
If Not Why? Will You Ever Buy One?
Most people said that they don’t have a dog and wouldn’t ever buy them because they have a phobia of them and find them quite scary. Others said they wouldn’t buy one because their house wasn’t big enough or that they are lazy and would never walk it. I think it is good that people don’t buy dogs for the reasons like they would never walk it and their isn’t enough space because that shows that they are thinking of how the dog is feeling and its good that the people who are scared of them wouldn’t buy a dog as that would probably make them even more scared of it.
Do You Think Dogs Are Treated Right By Their Owners?
Over all not everyone thought the same thing as some people thought that dogs are treated right and some don’t but some of them thought that it just depends on the owner. One of the detailed answers was ‘. In my household, they are. I don't spoil them, but I definitely do not abuse them. In general, no. I hate it when I see dressed up dogs in costumes and ridiculous clothing. Also, on comedic performances, people train them to entertain. I don't agree with that. Dogs are a companion---part of your family, not just some THING that is going to help you pay your bills.’ I agree with this as a dog does have rights and some people abandon their dogs just because they don’t have enough money or they are becoming too much to handle my opinion on this is that if you know you don’t have enough money or that you can’t handle it don’t buy one in the first place because they are not toys you do have to look after them. After the credit crunch mostly some owners have been abandoning their dogs but I think that is wrong and if they don’t want the dog any more treat it right and take it to one of the adoption dog places. Another answer was ‘how the dog is treated depends on the owner but I know I treat my dog well as she is spoilt rotten and we give her the right amount of food and drink and take her on two walks a day’. I think it is good that people do take care of their dogs and keep it healthy and give it food and drink this shows that you can look after your dog properly if you put your mind to it.
Do You Think Owners And Their Dogs Look Alike?
Most of the people said that it depends and most people buy dogs that represent their personality Nobody really answered this question in detail but only one did and her answer was ‘In some cases, yes. I actually thing my dog looks a lot like me. She is tan, small, and very petite in her movement. She also likes short hair cuts, just like me. When I have gone to the mall in the past, I have seen lots of owners that look like their dogs. Mostly in size and skin color.’ I do agree with this going back to what I said in my theory. But most of the people that said that they don’t think they look like their dog are quite young and their mum or dad would’ve probably bought the dog for them so maybe the dog looks like their parents.
If You Have A Dog Then How Do You Train It?
Most people I asked said they trained their dog with treats and toys to make them listen to you, some got them to repeat what they did over and over and some wither took their dogs to classes or got a professional trainer to help them. I think this is good as they’re treating the dog well while its getting trained and they give it treats a lets it play with toys. But I think spoiling the dog and giving it too many treats or toys gives it the wrong idea and that you have conditioned it to know that every time it does what you tell it to do that it always expects a treat and that might make the dog un healthy.
Do You Believe In Using Dogs For Hunting?
The majority thought that using dogs for hunting is cruel and shouldn’t be done but the people who thought that they should be used for hunting said it is because that is what they are there for and that it is in their instinct, and that they are useful for hunting. Someone said that although they don’t believe in hunting that some dogs actually enjoy it what people don’t know is that some dogs are forced to hunt even when they don’t want to by hunters, the hunters also probably abuse them to do so.
Do You Think That Using Dogs For Entertainment Or For Helping With The Police Is Exploiting Them?
I had lots of different answers for this question some said that its good for the dogs to show off their talents and that they enjoy showing everyone what they can do and taking on responsibilities and others said that it was cruel and that it’s not nice them getting treated as slaves and dressing them up in silly outfits just for money. I agree with both points as I think that it’s good for the dog to be happy but it is bad for them if they don’t enjoy it and if they get treated like dirt.
Conclusion
From the results of my survey I conclude that with the different ethical views and the answers from the survey there are lots of different opinions. The training of the dog was like what I said in my theory the owner’s sort of bribe their dogs in to doing what they tell them to. Most people said that they had a dog because they like them but there are some gold diggers and abuse the dog’s talent by hurting it and making it do what they want it to do. The same with using dogs for hunting they are exploiting the dog just to get money and because that is their job. Many people also said that they think owners of dogs don’t treat the dogs right and that came from most of the people that do have dogs. What are they saying? That maybe they don’t treat dogs right themselves or is this because they care about dogs too much and really do care about them not getting hurt. Although there might be many people in the world who actually have a dog and treat it right and respect their animal rights and needs but there are many animals that get neglected and left abandoned in the middle of streets with nothing to eat or drink. Many of the people I asked said that dogs have many talents and that they should be able to show them off. So is having them in circuses and entertainment good? Well I think it sort of is good, as long as the dog is happy it is ok to use them for things like this. I had always been stubborn with what I thought with using dogs but after I heard other people’s opinions it changed mine. But I still think that dressing them up dyeing their fur different colours to make them look good is wrong as dogs aren’t there for you to play around with them. The opinions of what people thought for having them help the police was much like what I had written in the theory. Someone said that dogs like adventures and sniffing things out and helping other people. Which is quite true from the research I did it did show that dogs do a very good job in helping the police and making our community better. Only 9 out of the 21 people I asked said they had a dog this is probably because not many people can afford to look after dogs after the credit crunch or it could be because I didn’t ask many people, and I didn’t get many views on this. When I asked the question are dogs treated right 8 out of the 21 people said yes and the others said they were not treated right for reasons like they get kept in small spaces and they need space to run around, but this suggests that maybe too many dogs are kept in poor and unstable conditions. When I asked the question if dogs should be used for hunting the vast majority did say no but some did say yes. 13 out of the 21 said they thought using them for hunting is cruel and just a scheme for a horrible hunter to make money and using an innocent animal so they don’t get hurt themselves. The people who said it was cruel just stated that dogs enjoy scaring other animals. When I asked if it is exploiting the animal by having it in entertainment or helping in the police 11 out the 21 said that they thought it was exploiting them this was just over 50%. As this happened I think if this question was taken forward into a real debate that many people would feel strongly about this on both sides (thinking t is exploiting them and thinking it is fun for the animal).
Evaluation
I could have improved my survey and extended the research in many ways. For instance I think that should have asked more people around the same age to see the different opinions of that age group. I would have maybe taken each one to tell me what they thought at a time so they wouldn’t get influenced by the rest of their peer’s opinions and change their mind or their opinion as some people may say certain things as they don’t want other people to know what they really feel. This would help to make my survey more reliable because I would get the real view on what that person thought so my results would be more accurate on their opinion. This would make my survey more valid as the only thing I would have changed would be the person and all the people would be the same age so that would make it fairer too. I think I could have also focussed on 2 main ages maybe on some children at around the age of 10 and asked them the same questions and ask some adults who are maybe in their late 30’s and see and compare the answers to see what the different opinions there are between the two. I could have also maybe asked a few more people as this would get me more reliable results as I would get more than one person who thought the same things and I could average the results and see what they thought over all. I could have also asked more questions based on animals being exploited so I had more views on this too as not many people answered in full. I think by getting people to answer in full I should have put ‘why?’ on the end of my questions to get their point would be made clear. The thing that went well was that i got different views from different sorts of people and that people were happy to answer my questions. The thing that didn’t go well was that when I was asking my sister’s friend she didn’t know what exploit meant so I had to spend my time explaining it to her but I think what I did go quite well and if I do this again in the future then I will take on what I wrote about improving it then hopefully this would have made my experiment better.
Bibliography
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