Lastly, we do the same with EDO crackers-
20 × 4.2 × 82 = 1643.91 J/g 1643.91 =1.64kJ/g
4.19 1000
The order of amount of energy in each food from my calculations kJ/100g-
- Crackers 182
- Jack n’ Jill chips 177
- Digestive 173
- EDO 164
The order of amount of energy in each food from the companies kJ/100g-
1. EDO 2240
2. Jack n’ Jill chips 2207
3. Crackers 1985
4. Digestive 1962
From this comparison one can see that my results and the company’s calculations differ greatly. Firstly my values are significantly lower than the companies, but also the order of energy value is mostly different. For example, in the company’s calculations EDO had the largest energy level. However, according to my experiment it had the lowest. Although, most of my calculations were in the wrong order, in both my calculations and the company’s the Jack n’ Jill chips were in the identical order.
The order of amount of total fat contained in each food, by the company kJ/100g-
1. EDO 30.00
2. Jack n’ Jill potato chips 29.60
3. Digestive 21.10
4. Crackers 20.20
The order of total saturated fat in each food, shown by the company, kJ/100g-
1. EDO 17.00
2. Jack n’ Jill potato chips 13.20
3. Digestive 10.90
4. Crackers 9.60
There are many nutritional reasons as to why EDO is the highest on the energy level list and Digestive biscuits are the lowest. Firstly, one should look at the fat content of each individual food. As you can see that the order of energy levels is identical to the order of amount of total fat, excluding the digestive and crackers. This is because fat is a good source of energy, therefore is can store more energy than any other food group such as carbohydrates or proteins. EDO has the highest fat content and therefore the highest energy level, this supports the fact that fat is a good source of energy. However, Crackers have a higher energy level than digestives, yet it has a lower fat content. This could be a result of its dietary fibre content. Additionally, saturated fat is significant because it has a slightly higher energy level than unsaturated fat. However, this does not explain why Digestives have the lowest energy level.
In my calculations, there were numerous rogue results. For example, EDO had the lowest energy level, yet it had the highest fat content. Additionally, crackers had the highest, yet they had the 2nd lowest fat content. This is a result of numerous sources of error.
Firstly, the most obvious one is the loss of heat energy to the surrounding environment. This occurred when we were heating the test tube with our numerous foods. The effect of this would cause our results to be inaccurate and unreliable, since, we are not measuring the maximum heat energy produced. Moreover, this could explain the huge difference between my results and the nutrition label on the packages. Furthermore, we did no repeats. Therefore, restricting us from finding an average, causing our results to be inaccurate. However, in an ideal experiment we should have done 3 repeats. Additionally, we were not consistent in the distance of the food from the tube. This would of resulted in an inaccurate, because it would of cause the water to heat up faster or slower. Besides, I should of stirred the water, before I recorded the temperature, because this would allow an equal distribution of heat across the whole mass of the water. Since I didn’t stir the water, this would of caused the experiment to be inaccurate because I could of measured the temperature of a hotter or colder area of the water.
Conclusion and Future improvements:
In conclusion, I felt the experiment went well. I was able to complete the experiment in sufficient time and abiding to all the safety rules. However, to improve my experiment I will change numerous aspects of our experiment. Firstly, I will do more repeats, to allow me to calculate an average. Causing my experiment to be more accurate. Additionally, I will stir the water for an equal distribution of heat, to ensure accurate results. Furthermore, I would do the experiment in a heat sealed room, similar to the manufacturers. This would prevent heat loss, allowing my results to be more accurate and reliable.
conclusion
