Identify an unknown organic compound.

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IDENTIFICATION OF AN ORGANIC UNKNOWN

Introduction: In this assessed practical we have to plan a sequence of simple chemical test tube tests in order to identify an unknown organic compound containing a functional group. The functional group could be an alkene, primary alcohol, tertiary alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester or phenol.

Safety: During all experiments Laboratory coats and safety glasses must be worn. When using a Bunsen burner tie long hair back and use a safety mat to protect the bench. Plastic gloves must be worn when handling the chemicals. There are some chemicals that need special attention when handling them:

* 2, 4-DNP - is an irritant to skin and eyes.

* Bromine water - is harmful if ingested or inhaled and prolonged skin contact can cause burns. It is an irritant to the eye and also make sure there is good ventilation.

* Silver nitrate - is an irritant and can cause burns.

* Ammonia - is an irritant and can cause burns.

* Sodium hydroxide - is an irritant to skin and eyes.

* Iron (III) Chloride - is toxic and can cause burns. Can also give off Hydrogen Chloride gas.

* Sodium carbonate - is a low hazard, but still needs to be considered

* Organic unknown - can be considered to be toxic and harmful if swallowed.

If any of the above chemicals come into contact with skin or eyes, wash off immediately with cold water.

* Sodium - reacts violently with water and is highly flammable, therefore keep away from naked flames and water.

Apparatus/Chemical list:

8 Test tubes

Test tube rack

Beaker (500cm3)

Measuring cylinders (10 and 25cm3)

Dropping pipettes

Analytical weighing balance
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Weighing tube

Tripod/Gauze

Bunsen burner

Conical flask with sidearm and delivery tube

Forceps

Filter paper

Plastic gloves

A fair test is very important in attaining accurate and reliable results. A fair test will try to be achieved by taking measurements carefully, by keeping a straight line of sight and by reading the bottom of the meniscus. The above equipment will be used so that a fair test can be achieved and also because accurate and reliable results can be achieved. The reason for using an analytical weighing balance is because it ...

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