Naina The Big Bang

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THE BIG BANG:

What Does It All Mean?

By Naina B


Contents

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

The  Development and Progression

of the Big Bang Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5

Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . .  7

Flaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8

Controversy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . . .   10

Before the Big Bang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Apocalypse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11

Bibliography & Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .  . . . . .  12


Terminology

Here I have explained some of the terms that I will be using throughout the case study.

  • A dimension is a measurable distance. There are four dimensions know to us.
  • Space is the name for three dimensions (length, width and breadth) combined. Space defines where an event happens.
  • Time Is the fourth dimension that defines when an event happens.
  • Spacetime is the combination of all four dimensions (space and time) to create a co-ordinate system that allows specific events to be pinpointed by where and when they happen.
  • If a universe is static it isn’t expanding or contracting.
  • When the position of dark lines in the spectrum of a galaxy’s light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum it is called redshift. It is thought that the speed at which galaxies are moving can be worked out by looking at the amount of redshift.
  • A singularity is a point with no dimensions. The laws of physics don’t apply to a singularity.
  • CBR stands for Cosmic Background Radiation, which is microwave radiation that fills the entire universe.
  • The Planck Epoch is the time between 0-10-43 seconds (approximately), after the beginning of the universe.2

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Introduction

In this case study I am going to be exploring the Big Bang Theory: science’s current idea as to how the universe developed and came to be the way it is at present.

The universe is everything that exists in spacetime, which is a combination of space and time. This combination creates a system that allows a specific event to be pinpointed by where and when it happens. The universe is all time, space, matter and energy.

There are lots of ideas about how the universe came into existence; some are religious stories of creation whilst some are products of active imaginations. But one particular idea that is widely accepted today is a scientific idea: The Big Bang theory.

The Big Bang theory is that the universe emerged from a state of extremely high density and heat, and expanded to become the universe that we know today. It emerged from a singularity, a point with no dimensions, where the laws of physics have no effect. This is estimated to have happened 13.7 billion years ago.  The theory also states that up to a second after the Big Bang, neutrons and protons had formed. As the universe cooled, atoms formed; the elements Hydrogen and Helium formed within three minutes of the Big Bang.

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This theory is unlike most scientific theories as there isn’t a particular scientist responsible for it. Instead, many scientists have contributed over a long period of time, providing theories and evidence for the Big Bang theory to evolve from.


Evidence

There are four pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory, although neither is a proof of the event, because scientific theories aren’t ever proven.

EVIDENCE ONE

It is almost certain that the universe had a beginning.

EVIDENCE TWO

Galaxies seem to be moving away from Earth according to their distance. This ...

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