Safety rules with use of the equipment?
The safety rules that we will carry out throughout this experiment will be:-
- To wear goggles
- Stools under the table
- Clear up any mess that happens straight away.
- Don’t mess around with the acid or equipment.
The equipment that I will be using?
The equipment that will be using is:-
- 1 gram (approx) of marble chips
- A stop watch
- Balances
- A conical flask
- 2x measuring Cylinders
- Plastic container
- Water
- 0.1 Molar, 0.25 M, 0.5 M, 1.0 M, 2.0M of HCL acid
How to make the experiment a fair test?
To make the experiment a fair test, we will be using the same volume of acid, the same room temperature which is 24*C, same mass of marble chips and surface area of chips. We will also be taking the results every 1 minute, but placing the times in seconds for every minute. When taking the measurements we will be checking those 3 times to make sure they are accurate. The last thing we are going to do to make it a fair test is to repeat it 3 times, so that in all we have 3 sets of data to take an average from.
Drawing of the experiment
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0.25M HCL and 2.0M HCL points
When looking at these two points (*,*) at 720 seconds, you could say that if you could calculate a gradient to a certain rate, that’s when you could finish the experiment. Even though these two points are averages you have to make sure in the three repeats that, to calculate the averages you carry out the experiment to get a gradient to a certain rate which you then be satisfied by that criteria.
Conclusion
By looking at my results and graphs I am able to conclude that the more concentrated the acid the quicker the reaction takes place and the more gas was produced. As we look at the graphs we can clearly see that in all five experiments at the beginning, the reaction happened more quickly than at the end where we can see that it started to tail off. From these results I can conclude that by increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid the rate of reaction is increased.
To conclude, with the greater concentration of Hydrochloric acid and Calcium carbonate (2HCL and CaCO3), the greater the rate of reaction. This is due to the greater concentration of reactants the more the rate of reaction will increase. The reason behind this is for a reaction to take place between two particles, they must collide, so if more collisions occur, the rate of reaction increases. However, only some collisions cause a reaction, since not all particles have enough energy to react.
This means by increasing the concentration of the reactants would increase the frequency of collisions between the two reactants. This is because the molecules in the reaction mixture have a range of energy levels. When collisions occur, they do not always result in a reaction. If the two colliding molecules have sufficient energy they will react.
If the reaction is between a substance in solution and a solid if the reaction is between two solutions. I found out that the rate of reaction is limited by the concentration of the weaker solution, and by increasing the concentration of the other solutions it makes no difference.
Evaluation
What I did …..
In my experiment I mixed together 10ml of Hydrochloric acid (HCL) to 1 gram of marble chips, also know as Calcium carbonate to find out how much Carbon dioxide (CO2) was given of ml per second. I measured 10ml of acid using: - 0.1 Molar (M), 0.25M, 0.5M, 1.0M and 2.0M of HCL.
What I did well…..
In my experiment what I did well was making sure I measured the 10ml of HCL acid accurately, and made sure I did the experiment more than once in fact I did the experiment 3 times so that I could get an average result to work out how ml’s per second of CO2 was given off. I did this so it would be a fair test and follow what I did for each experiment was the same throughout.
What went wrong……
What went wrong in my experiment was, I should have done the experiment again, at least 5 times to see if the average Co2 given off was a mistake. I should have also taken the results every 30 seconds to get accurate results for my graph because I could have made it a full fair test.
If I did the experiment again I would improve…..
I would improve the experiment by doing all the reactions of Hydrochloric acid and Calcium carbonate experiment at least 5 times, to get accurate results. I would have also taken the reading of measurements every 30 seconds because I could have got more accurate results and more points to plot and see what patterns had occurred within the experiment. The reason I didn’t this time was because on 2.0 Molar, we had used 100ml measuring cylinder because of its accuracy. However we found that after 6 minutes on 2.0 Molar we needed to change the measuring cylinders over to carry on the experiment, but we did find that we lost some CO2 because of it took us a few seconds to change the cylinders over. Throughout the experiment I found that boredom, but next time we could have had some music in the background to take up some of the boredom we had, when we had to sit around for ages waiting for the next moment for taking the results.
