Thyroid Cancer Research Project

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Why is thyroid cancer a problem?

1.1A)Thyroid cancer is a problem because it has an increasing trend over time. Moreover,  Recurrence can occur at any time, even

Figure(1) showing the thyroid

Figure (2) showing the increasing trend of thyroid cancer

 decades after initial therapy.Studies now show that many late cancer “recurrences” may actually be cases of persistent tumor that had fallen below testing detection limits for as long as decades. Delaying the initial diagnosis of thyroid cancer longer than 1 year increases mortality rates significantly. The mortality risk worsens as the delay becomes longer.

1.1b) The exact cause is unknown, but a growing amount of research point is to some risk factors as: (3)

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Figure(3) showing the incidence rates of thyroid cancer in different countries with realtion to sex

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 A figure showing how age affects the incidence of thyroid cancer in males and females

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Figure (3) showing age standardized incidence rates by country in males and females

Figure (4) Age specific incidence rates for females in Cyprus,Egypt,Jordan,Israel and US SEER.

Table(1) showing the number of cases,Age distribution,and age standardized incidence rates,by age and sex,in Cyprus,Israel,Egypt,Jordan,and US SEER-1996-2001

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 Figure(5) showing the incidence of thyroid cancer in  different races in males and females.

Table (2) showing thyroid cancer incidence rates in relation with race

Table (3) showing death rates as a result of thyroid cancer in realtion with race

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Not enough iodine in the diet: The thyroid needs iodine to make thyroid hormone. Thyroid cancer seems to be more common in countries where iodine is not part of the diet.

Moreover,thyroid cancer generally has an increasing trend 

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Figure(6) showing the rate of incidence of thyroid cancer in New Mexico over a period of years.

1.2a)Treatment

Surgery

 is the most common treatment of thyroid cancer. One of the following procedures may be used: which is the removal of the  in which thyroid cancer is found.  of  in the area may be done to see if they contain cancer.Near-total or total  it is the removal of all but a very small part of the  or of the whole thyroid.: it is the removal of lymph nodes in the neck that contain cancer.

Radioactive iodine (radioiodine) therapy for thyroid cancer

Radioiodine is a tremendously helpful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of follicular thyroid cancer.they have not only been proved to be useful in detecting but also showed to be suitable to treat metastic disease.(17)It is used for patients with proven or assumed residual or recurrent thyroid cancer.(5)The thyroid gland absorbs nearly all of the iodine in your blood. When a large enough dose of radioactive iodine (RAI), also known as I-131, is taken into the body, it can destroy the thyroid gland and any other thyroid cells (including cancer cells) that take up iodine, with little effect on the rest of your body. This treatment can be used to destroy (ablate) any thyroid tissue not removed by surgery or to treat thyroid cancer that has spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body. this treatment is now standard practice in such cases. For RAI therapy to be most effective, patients must have high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, or thyrotropin) in the blood. This substance stimulates thyroid tissue (and cancer cells) to take up radioactive iodine. 

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It is a cancer treatment that uses  to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

1.3b Surgery is the most preferred type of treatment as each other type of treatment has its side effects.Moreover it has the least recurrence results within all of the other treatments.

A study was carried out to determine the long-term impact of medical and surgical treatment of well differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

Patients with papillary and follicular cancer (n = 1,355) treated either in U.S. Air Force or Ohio ...

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This essay shows good research but needs to be rewritten to process the information. 1. The essay lacks structure, which should be clear and fluid. 2. Although a lot of the images are relevant they are not discussed in the text. 3. A lot of information has been copied and pasted into this essay - this all needs to be rewritten. 4. The range of information sources needs to be limited. Only look for information that is relevant in this country. *** (3 stars)