To compare the first ionization enthalpy and the second ionization enthalpy of reaction

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Title: Energetics

Aim: To compare the first ionization enthalpy and the second ionization enthalpy of reaction

Date: 7th November, 02

Introduction:

There are various types of enthalpy changes of reaction, the enthalpy change of neutralization and ionization were determined through this experiment.

The enthalpy change of neutralization was first determined by the reaction between a strong acid (HCl) and a strong alkali (NaOH). By this data, the first ionization of a weak acid(CH3COOH), and the second ionization of another weak acid (carbonic acid) were determined.

Experimental:

  HCl (50cm , 2 M, 0.1mol) was put into a polystyrene cup and the temperature of the acid was recorded. NaOH (50cm , 2 M, 0.1 mol) was added to the acid quickly, and the highest temperature obtained was recorded. The temperature rise was obtained and the heat of neutralization was determined.

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  The procedure of the above experiment was repeated by mixing CH3COOH (50cm ,2 M, 0.1 mol) and NaOH (50cm ,2 M, 0.1 mol). The temperature rise was obtained and the heat of neutralization was determined. By using the enthalpy change of the first experiment, the first ionization of this experiment was determined.

  The enthalpy of neutralization experiment was repeated using NaHCO3 (50cm ,

0.5 M, 0.1 mol) and NaOH (50cm ,0.5M, 0.1 mol). The temperature change was obtained and the enthalpy of the reaction was determined. The 2nd ionization energy was calculated.

Results:

  1. Determination of the heat ...

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