To distinguish between the 5 aqueous solutions there are a number of tests and experiments that can be carried out. The tests are best explained as a method and a detailed analysis of the reactions is added further on

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Part (i) - Analysis

To distinguish between the 5 aqueous solutions there are a number of tests and experiments that can be carried out. The tests are best explained as a method and a detailed analysis of the reactions is added further on.

Equipment

Aqueous Potassium Bromide

Aqueous Sodium Chloride

Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide

Ethanoic Acid

Nitric Acid

Silver Nitrate

Ammonia

Cooper (coin)

Iron (III) Chloride

Boiling tubes

Pipette

Safety

Nitric Acid – Highly Corrosive, toxic, oxidizing agent

Silver Nitrate – Poisonous, Corrosive to skin (Wear protective gloves and/or protective clothing)

Method

1) First pipette approximately 10cm3 of each solution into separate boiling tubes and bubble carbon dioxide into each of the solutions. The one goes milky (white precipitate) from colourless is the Calcium hydroxide so this can be eliminated. Label it.

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2) The remaining 4 samples are still useable for the next test so, add 10cm3 of silver nitrate to all 4 of the solutions. One solution should give a cream precipitate (Bromide) and another should give a white precipitate (Chloride).

3) Separate the two samples and to these, add excess ammonia. The one which dissolves is silver chloride. Potassium Bromide and Sodium Chloride have now been eliminated. Label them.

4) The remaining solutions should be disgarded (the ones with silver nitrate in) and the remaining two solutions should be put in new boiling tubes (again, 10cm3). Now, to ...

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