Results:
Conclusion:
The Experiment worked good in relation to the equipment we used. The results taken are accurate to 1/10 of a second. One interesting thing you can see from the left graph is that as the time it took the pendulum to travel from one end to another increased, which can be due to air resistance and resistance where the string is attached.
Overall Conclusion:
When you change the angle of the pendulum, the period of the pendulum does change. As Bigger the angle as more time it takes the pendulum to travel from one end to another. This is due to more friction and more air resistance as we increase the angle.
Evaluation:
To get better results the following things should be done:
- Instead of thick steel wire very thing steel wire should be used.
- Instead of taking the time with eyes and hand the time should be taken by a light gate.
- Experiment should be done more often to improve results.
- Experiment should be done in a Vacuum to cancel out air resistance. (If not possible increase density of pendulum.)
- Length of steel wire should be increased to maximum.
Experiment 2
Changing the Angle (up to 180°)
Planning A:
Aim:
To find out how the period changes if we drop the pendulum (ruler) from different angles and how Period (time it takes the pendulum to travel from one side to the other and back, 1period = 2 swings) and Angle are related to each other.
Hypothesis:
As greater the angle is as faster the weight will travel. But not only the speed increases also the distance the pendulum has to travel increases. So there is a direct relationship between speed and distance. The prediction is that the amount of time it takes the pendulum for a period will increase as we increase the angle. The increase will be dramatically as we go over 89.9°. This is because the pendulum (ruler) doesn’t accelerate so quickly. Friction and air resistance results also in a longer period.
Planning B:
The Equipment needed:
- a ruler about 150cm
- stand to attach the ruler
- Boss, Angle measurer
- Clamp
- 2 stop clocks
- pencil and paper/laptop to record the results,
- ball bearing
In this Experiment the Controlled variables will be the length of the ruler, the gravity, etc…
The independent variable in the experiment will be the angle of which the pendulum (ruler) drops.
Method:
Change the angle on the pendulum (ruler). Then you'll measure the period, the dependent variable. We will drop it from 18 different angles. From 179.99° , 170°, 160°, 150°, 140°, 130°, 120°, 110°, 100°, 90°,80°; 70°, 60° 50°, 40°, 30°, 10°
Angle 1:
- Set up Equipment like this:
-
Pull up the ruler to an angle of 10° (measured from the vertical position of the pendulum at rest) and allow it to swing for ten full periods (over and back, 20 times).
- 2 people time how long it takes to do this.
- The two results where recorded and averaged.
- Step 2-3 where repeated 2 more times in order to give more accurate results. The results from the 1-3 trial where averaged and recorded in a data-collection table
- Steps 2-5 where repeated only the independent variable was increased by 10 in each repetition until 180° where reached.
- Results where plotted on a graph.
- Line of Best fit was drawn.
- formula for the line was calculated (e.g. y = x)
Results:
Conclusion:
The Experiment worked good in relation to the equipment we used. The results taken where accurate to 1/10 of a second. One interesting thing you can see from the left graph is that as the time it took the pendulum to travel from one end to another increased, which can be due to air resistance and resistance where the string is attached. The prediction if we go above 90° the period will increase rapidly is wrong what you can see on the graph.
Overall Conclusion:
When you change the angle of the pendulum, the period of the pendulum does change. As Bigger the angle as more time it takes the pendulum to travel from one end to another. This is due to more friction and more air resistance as we increase the angle.
Evaluation:
To get better results the following things should be done:
- Ruler should be made out of steel
- Ruler should be longer
- Instead of taking the time with eyes and hand the time should be taken by a light gate.
- Experiment should be done more often to improve results.
- Experiment should be done in a Vacuum to cancel out air resistance. (If not possible increase density of pendulum/ruler.)
- Ball bearing should be top quality steel to reduce friction
- Ruler should be attached to ball bearing as tight and close as possible to reduce friction.
