Introduction to Enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up rate reactions inside living thing organisms. Enzymes break down big molecules into smaller molecules; starch protein and fats are big molecules that cannot pass through call walls into the blood system, so enzymes break them down into smaller molecules to allow them to pass through cell walls. Enzymes can also build up thing like muscle. The higher the concentration the quicker the reaction will work fro example if there was only one enzyme to break down a substance it would take longer than if there was a hundred.
Enzymes are made from protean, that's why it is important to eat foods like meats and fish.
You know if something is an enzyme because they usually end in 'ASE', for example Protease that breaks down protein into Amino Acids.
Each type of enzymes is unique they can only break down one type of substance fro example Protease can only break down protean they cannot break down anything else like starch or fat.
Enzymes have denature point this is when it get too hot they die and if it gets too cold enzymes slow down or stop working unlit it gets to the right temperature for them to function properly, enzymes in the human body work best at 37OC. Enzymes also can only work in certain environments for example Protease likes to work in a acidic environment like the stomach it would not faction in a neutral environment like the mouth.
Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide is produced in all cells; Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance that can kill the cell so Catalase is produced to counteract this problem. Catalase converts Hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen or
2H2O2 CATALASE 2H2O+02. (Hydrogen peroxide CATALASE water + oxygen
Hydrogen peroxide)
Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive chemical; it is often used for bleaching and disinfecting wounds.
Preliminary experiment
Aim
To see what factors affect the speed of a Catalase controlled reaction
Apparatus
Eight test tubes, test tube rack, stopwatch, 2cm3 H2O2, pestle, mortar and sand, labels measuring cylinder, spatula, mm ruler, liver (fresh, boiled and ground up), fish, potato, HCA, manganese dioxide, water bath and thermometer.
Method
First we will get a test tube rack that hold eight test tubes, place eight test tubes in the test tube holder. Then place 2cm3 of H2O2 each test tube. The fist test tube will just contain H2O2 this are control. The second test tube will contain half a spatula of manganese dioxide, as soon as the manganese dioxide make contact will H2O2 start the stopwatch, stop the watch exactly on one minute and then measure how much froth has been produced. Repeat this same process six more times except replace the manganese dioxide. In the third test tube use a cube of liver. The fourth test tube use ground up liver, this is where we use the pestle, mortar and sand to grind up the liver. Put the liver and sand in the mortar and use the pestle to grind up the liver, the sand is there to stop the liver from slipping and sliding round in the mortar. The fifth test tube use boiled liver. In the sixth test tube use one centimetre cubed of hydrochloric acid. In the seventh test tube use a cube of fish and the eighth time use a cube of potato.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up rate reactions inside living thing organisms. Enzymes break down big molecules into smaller molecules; starch protein and fats are big molecules that cannot pass through call walls into the blood system, so enzymes break them down into smaller molecules to allow them to pass through cell walls. Enzymes can also build up thing like muscle. The higher the concentration the quicker the reaction will work fro example if there was only one enzyme to break down a substance it would take longer than if there was a hundred.
Enzymes are made from protean, that's why it is important to eat foods like meats and fish.
You know if something is an enzyme because they usually end in 'ASE', for example Protease that breaks down protein into Amino Acids.
Each type of enzymes is unique they can only break down one type of substance fro example Protease can only break down protean they cannot break down anything else like starch or fat.
Enzymes have denature point this is when it get too hot they die and if it gets too cold enzymes slow down or stop working unlit it gets to the right temperature for them to function properly, enzymes in the human body work best at 37OC. Enzymes also can only work in certain environments for example Protease likes to work in a acidic environment like the stomach it would not faction in a neutral environment like the mouth.
Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide is produced in all cells; Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance that can kill the cell so Catalase is produced to counteract this problem. Catalase converts Hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen or
2H2O2 CATALASE 2H2O+02. (Hydrogen peroxide CATALASE water + oxygen
Hydrogen peroxide)
Hydrogen peroxide is a highly reactive chemical; it is often used for bleaching and disinfecting wounds.
Preliminary experiment
Aim
To see what factors affect the speed of a Catalase controlled reaction
Apparatus
Eight test tubes, test tube rack, stopwatch, 2cm3 H2O2, pestle, mortar and sand, labels measuring cylinder, spatula, mm ruler, liver (fresh, boiled and ground up), fish, potato, HCA, manganese dioxide, water bath and thermometer.
Method
First we will get a test tube rack that hold eight test tubes, place eight test tubes in the test tube holder. Then place 2cm3 of H2O2 each test tube. The fist test tube will just contain H2O2 this are control. The second test tube will contain half a spatula of manganese dioxide, as soon as the manganese dioxide make contact will H2O2 start the stopwatch, stop the watch exactly on one minute and then measure how much froth has been produced. Repeat this same process six more times except replace the manganese dioxide. In the third test tube use a cube of liver. The fourth test tube use ground up liver, this is where we use the pestle, mortar and sand to grind up the liver. Put the liver and sand in the mortar and use the pestle to grind up the liver, the sand is there to stop the liver from slipping and sliding round in the mortar. The fifth test tube use boiled liver. In the sixth test tube use one centimetre cubed of hydrochloric acid. In the seventh test tube use a cube of fish and the eighth time use a cube of potato.
