How a vaccines work?
- Vaccine contains dead or weakened microorganisms
- A microorganism in the vaccines is recognised by an antibody on the surface of a white blood cell
- The white blood cells divides all the cells begin producing antibodies
- Antibodies attach to the microorganisms in the vaccine. The microorganisms are destroyed
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Memory cells remains in the blood .if the live microorganisms infects the body , antibodies are produced very quickly (GCSE science twenty first century science A case study vaccinations a144)
Vaccine Side Effects
Mild to Moderate Problems
- Mild rash
- Swelling and tenderness of lymph nodes
- Fever of over 100°F or over 102°F
- Secondary blister elsewhere on the body (about 1 per 1,900).
Moderate to Severe Problems
- Serious eye infection, or loss of vision, due to spread of vaccine virus to the eye.
- Rash on entire body
- Severe rash on people with eczema
- Encephalitis which can lead to permanent brain damage
- Severe infection beginning at the vaccination site
- Death
For every million people vaccinated for smallpox, between 14 and 52 could have a life-threatening reaction to smallpox vaccine ( )
"There is no evidence whatsoever of the ability of vaccines to prevent any diseases. To the contrary, there is a great wealth of evidence that they cause serious side effects." -Dr. Viera Scheibner ( )
“The only safe vaccine is a vaccine that is never used.”– Dr. James A. Shannon, former director of the National Institutes of Health ( )
Facts about vaccines
- Vaccines have helped eradicate one disease (smallpox) and are close to eradicating another (polio).
- Vaccines currently help prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year.
- Not all vaccines are given as shots; vaccines for rotavirus and polio, for instance, are given orally.
- Vaccines helped reduce measles deaths globally by 78% between 2000 and 2008; in sub-Saharan Africa, deaths dropped by 92% in the same period.
- The impact of child vaccines is magnified when used in conjunction with other health efforts, including with things such as antibiotics, oral rehydration salts, bed nets, and vitamins
- New and underutilized vaccines could avert nearly 4 million child deaths under the age of 5 by 2015.
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New or improved vaccines are currently being developed for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases. Researchers estimate that a viable malaria vaccine could be ready for children in the developing world as early as 2015. ( )
Pros: - Why vaccination is recommended if it can cause side effects?
Cons: - Why vaccination is recommended if it can cause side effects?
Every vaccine has potential side effects. Typically they are very mild: soreness at the injection site (for a vaccine delivered via a shot), headaches, and low-grade fevers are examples of common vaccine side effects. Serious side effects are possible, however, including severe allergic reactions. However, the occurrence of these side effects is extremely rare. (Your doctor can explain the risks for individual vaccines in detail; more information is also available from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.) When considering possible side effects from vaccination, it’s important to do so in context. While some possible side effects are serious, they are extremely rare. It’s important to remember is that choosing not to vaccinate also has serious risks. Vaccines protect against potentially fatal infectious diseases; avoiding vaccination raises the risk of contracting those diseases and spreading them to others. ()
Vaccines are continually monitored for , and like any medication, vaccines can cause side effects. However, a decision not to immunize a child also involves risk and could put the child and others who come into contact with him or her at risk of contracting a potentially deadly disease. ( )
