How do concepts of citizenship vary between nation-state? How does globalisation impact on these concepts?

The nation-state is a form of political organisation, and a political ideal. In the first class, it is an autonomous political community bound together by the overlapping bonds of citizenship and nationality. It is thus an alternative to multinational empires and city-states. In the later case, the nation-state is a principle, or ideal type, reflected in Mazzini’s goal: ‘every nation a state, only one state for the entire nation’. This acknowledges that no modern state is, or can be, culturally homogeneous. There are two contrasting views of the nation-state. For liberals and most socialist, the nation-state is largely fashioned out of civic loyalties and allegiances. For the conservatives and integral nationalist, it is based on ethnic or organic unity, (Heywood, A. 1997:117).

The concepts of citizenship have been based upon the notion of the bounded society. Societies are typically presumed to be sovereign social entities with a state at the centre, which organises their rights and duties of each member. Most major sets of social relationships are seen as flowing within the territorial boundaries of each society. The state passes a monopoly of jurisdiction over the territory of the society. It’s presumed that especially economic ands social class, but also politics, culture, gender and so on, are societally structured. In combination such relation constitutes the social structure in terms of which the life-chance of each member of that society are organised and regulated. And through interdependence with each other, all such societies are constituted as self-regulating entities significantly defined by their differences from each other, (Urry, J. cites Held 1995).