Aim To investigate the effect of strenuous physical activities such as badminton and bodybuilding on the heart rate of subject compared to stationary position

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BIOLOGY INTERNAL ASSESSMENT – HUMAN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY

DESIGN

Aim

To investigate the effect of strenuous physical activities such as badminton and bodybuilding on the heart rate of subject compared to stationary position.

Research Question

“What effect does different physical activities such as badminton and bodybuilding have on blood circulation in the heart compared to stationary position?”

Hypothesis

Activities such as badminton and weightlifting will elevate the heart rate of a human compared to stationary position, and weightlifting will elevate it to higher levels compared to badminton because weightlifting is an anaerobic activity and badminton is an aerobic activity.

Background Theory

Cardiovascular System & Electrocardiography

The heart is a vital organ in the cardiovascular system found in the thorax between the lungs and beneath the breast bone (sternum). It is divided into four chambers, with those on the right side of the heart completely separate from those on the left. The two upper chambers are thin-walled atria. These receive blood into the heart. The two lower chambers are thick-walled ventricles, with the muscular wall of the left ventricle much thicker than that of the right ventricle. The ventricle pumps blood out of the heart. This cycle of contraction and relaxation in order to drive the flow of blood through the body is called the cardiac cycle.

During the initial portion of the cardiac cycle, an electrical signal is generated in pacemaker cells that is distributed through the heart through an electrical conduction system. In response to that particular electrical stimulation, the myocardium of first the atria and then the ventricles undergoes contraction (systole), followed by sequential relaxation (diastole) of the two sets of cambers a fraction of a second later. This cycle of compressing on the blood in the ventricles during diastole induces pressure changes in the ventricles that cause one-way valves in the heart to close audibly at different intervals of the cardiac cycle. The result of the injection of blood into the arteries by the ventricles undergoing systole is the generation of blood pressure, the primary driving force for the flow of blood through the body

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Electrical charges occurring during the cardiac cycle can be monitored from the surface of the body in a recording called an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG in short). A normal ECG recording associated with a single cardiac cycle contains three distinctive waveforms. The P wave is generated when the atria depolarize as the action potential wave spreads out from the sinoatrial node. The QRS complex (which consists of the Q, R, and S waves) is triggered by the depolarization of the ventricles just before ventricular systole. The last waveform, the T wave, is triggered by the repolarization of the ventricles at the end ...

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