Cardiovascular System revision questions and answers.

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Irfan Rajani

Block: E

08/02/17

Chapter 13 SQ3R – Cardiovascular System

13.1 The Blood Vessels

What are the three types of blood vessels and how do they differ? In what direction is blood traveling in each?
The three types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the capillaries, whereas veins carry blood from the capillaries to the heart. Capillaries, which are thin blood vessels, act as the medium which permits exchange of material with the tissues of an organism. Arteries are made up of smaller components known as arterioles as are veins (which are called venules).

In what type of blood vessel does exchange take place?

Exchange of material (such as waste and nutrients) takes place in capillaries as they serve the cells of the organism.

13.2 The Heart

The right side of the heart pumps blood to what body area? The left side of the heart pumps blood to what body area?

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to filter the O2-poor blood (rid of CO2 and adds oxygen) whereas the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body so as to provide nourishment (it contains O2-rich blood).

What is the path of blood through the heart?

O2-poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cava (originating from the upper and lower extremities of the body) enter the right atrium where it is sent through an atrioventricular valve (the tricuspid valve) to the right ventricle. Here blood is channelled through the pulmonary semi-lunar valve through the pulmonary trunk and to the pulmonary arteries where the blood is then taken to the lungs. At the lungs 4 pulmonary veins carry O2-rich blood to the left atrium and sends it through another atrioventricular valve (the biscupid or mitral valve) to the left ventricle and finally through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta where it is distributed to the rest of the body.

13.3 The Vascular Pathways

What specific blood vessels carry O2-poor blood from the heart to the lungs? What specific blood vessels carry O2-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

The pulmonary circuit deals with taking blood from and to the heart and lungs. The pulmonary arteries take O2-poor blood from the heart to the lungs whereas the pulmonary veins take O2-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

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What circuit is responsible for blood transport to most of the body? Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body? Blood from the body returns to which heart chamber?

The systemic circuit is responsible for blood transport to most of the body. The left chamber (left ventricle) of the heart pumps heart to the body (O2-rich) whereas the blood from the body returns to the right chamber (right atrium) of the body (O2-poor).

What are the major blood vessels of the body?

The major blood vessels of the body are as follows:
Veins: Internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, ...

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