- There is more space within a Eukaryotic cell than there is within a Prokaryotic cell.
- A cytoplasm in a Eukaryotic cell is filled with large and complex organelles, many of which are enclosed in their own membranes. A Prokaryotic cell contains no membrane bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells are larger than Prokaryotic cells by 10 times.
- Eukaryotic cells either have a plasma membrane or a cell along with the plasma membrane while prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane in addition to a bacterial cell wall.
- Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular while Eukaryotic cells may have a multicellular structure.
- Eukaryotic cells always have a cytoskeleton while Prokaryotic cells never do.
- Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission and Eukaryotic cells divide by meiosis and mitosis.
- Reproduction is always asexual in Prokaryotic cells but asexual and sexual in Eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells have several metabolic pathways while Eukaryotic cells have the common metabolic pathways.
Animal Cell;
Centrioles- A pair of short microtubules which are involved in cell division.
Cytoplasm- A solution within the cell membrane. It contains enzymes (part of respiration), and other metabolic reactions together with sugars, salts, amino acids, nucleotides and everything else needed for the cell to function.
Nucleus- The largest organelle and is enclosed by the nuclear envelope. The nucleolus is largely involved in the making of ribosomes.
Mitochondrion- Where Respiration takes place and ATP (energy) is made. Likewise, they are enclosed by a double membrane.
Ribosomes- These are the smallest and the most numerous of the cell organelles. It is also the site of protein synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- Series of membrane channels involved in synthesizing and transporting materials, mainly lipids, needed by the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- Studded with numerous ribosomes, which give it its rough appearance. The ribosomes synthesize proteins which are processed here.
Golgi Apparatus- Another series of flattened membrane vesicles, formed from the endoplasmic reticulum. It has a job of transporting proteins from the RER to the cell membrane for export.
Vacuoles- They are membrane-bounds sacs containing water or dilute solutions of salt or other solutes.
Lysosomes- The digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.
Plasma membrane- This is the membrane that encloses the cell.
Plant cell;
Cytoplasm- contains all the enzymes needed for all metabolic reaction, as there are no organelles.
Ribosomes- The site for protein synthesis.
Nucleoid- The region which contains DNA.
DNA- Always have a circular shape and are not associated with any proteins to form chromatin.
Cell membrane- made of phospholipids and proteins.
Flagellum- A rigid rotating helical-shaped tail used for propulsion.
Vacuoles- They are membrane-bounds sacs containing water or dilute solutions of salt or other solutes.
Chloroplasts- Where photosynthesis takes place in an organism and like Mitochondrion it is enclosed by a double membrane.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- Series of membrane channels involved in synthesizing and transporting materials, mainly lipids, needed by the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- Studded with numerous ribosomes, which give it its rough appearance. The ribosomes synthesize proteins which are processed here.
Mitochondrion- Where Respiration takes place and ATP (energy) is made. Likewise, they are enclosed by a double membrane.
by
smileybrain (student)
