6.6.1 Draw and label diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems.
Male Female
6.6.2 Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including FSH (follicle stimulating hormones), LH (luteinizing hormone), estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual cycle:
- FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland and its levels start to rise. This stimulates the follicle to develop and the follicle cells to secret estrogen.
- Estrogen then causes the follicle cells to make more FSH receptors so that these can respond more strongly to the FSH.
- This is positive feedback and causes the estrogen levels to increase and stimulate the thickening of the endometrium (uterus lining).
- Estrogen levels increase to a peak and by doing so it stimulates LH secretion from the pituitary gland.
- LH then increases to its peak and causes ovulation (release of egg from the follicle).
- LH then stimulates the follicle cells to secrete less estrogen and more progesterone. Once ovulation has occurred, LH stimulated the follicle to develop into the corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum then starts to secrete high amounts of progesterone. This prepares the uterine lining for an embryo.
- The high levels of estrogen and progesterone then start to inhibit FSH and LH.
- If no embryo develops the levels of estrogen and progesterone fall. This stimulates menstruation (break down of the uterine lining). When the levels of these two hormones are low enough FSH and LH start to be secreted again.
- FSH levels rise once again and a new menstrual cycle begins.