(f) Clitoris: An erectile structure (small rounded projection of the vulva). It becomes erect when sexually aroused and is homologous to the penis in the male. It contains many nerve endings and is therefore very sensitive. It becomes stimulated during sexual intercourse and an orgasm can result.
(g) Labia: 2 folds of skin: 1. Labia majora 2. Labia minora
They enclose the vulva at the entrance to the vagina.
The urethra from the bladder opens into the vulva just in front of the vagina.
(h) Graafian Follicle: A small cavity/sac which encloses the ovum inside the ovary. The follicle bursts at the surface of the ovary when its’ Ovum is mature
- Answer the following questions:
- Why is it an advantage for the testes to be situated in the scrotal sac outside the body? Can you think of any disadvantages?
Answer: The testicles are outside the body to keep sperm temperature lower than body. The special sac called the scrotum. This enables the testes to remain at a temperature about 2 degrees lower than the rest of the body. But there are also many disadvantages.
- The diagram below shows a transverse section through a penis:
- I. What is the name of the structure labeled A?
Answer: Urethra
ii. Give 2 functions of this structure
Answer: 1. Controls passage of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
2. It is the passageway for semen to exit the body.
iii. What is the function of the spongy tissue?
iv. Why is this function important?
Penis at erection is been filled with a hemal cavity sponge by 3, body constitute, these three sponge body cavities own a penis erection the function of the organization, and glans penis and urethra sponge body also provided a physical volume for erection, also giving penis sponge the erection of the body provided degree of hardness.
- What structure in the female are equivalent to these structures in the male:
- Testes
Female: Ovaries. Because testes produce sperms and ovaries produce eggs.
- sperm ducts
Female: Oviduct. Because sperm ducts let sperms go through and oviduct let eggs go through.
- Urethra
Female: Urethra. It’s the same.
In each case say why they are equivalent.
Human Reproduction
- On Paper
- The uterus is made of thick muscle. Explain the reason for this.
Answer: Because when women has a pregnancy, the muscle in the uterus will let the baby pass through to vagina.
- The cervix is only the width of a straw but becomes flexible during labour. Why is this?
Answer: Because baby grows here so it must be flexible.
- Describe the similarities and differences between the human sperm and egg.
Answer: They are all sex cells. The differences are sperms are small, but eggs are big, sperms can swim but eggs can just stay. Sperms can’t store food, but eggs can.
- A man releases 200 to 300 million sperm when he ejaculates. Explain why such a large number of sperm are produced.
Answer: Because this can increase the probability of pregnancy.
- The sperm duct uses its muscles to push sperm cells along by contracting and relaxing muscles.
- Where else in the body are muscles used in this way?
Answer: Cervix.
- What is the name of this process?
Answer: Fertilisation.
- Textbook pg202 Question 22b
B) The diagram shows part of the control system involved in the female reproductive cycle.
- What type of substance are FSH and oestrogen?
Answer: Pituitary gland.
- How dose FSH get from the pituitary gland to the ovary?
Answer: Pituitary gland produces FSH and then it goes to ovary.
- Textbook pg202 Question 23
23. The diagram shows the normal menstrual cycle of a woman.
- Where in the body are eggs produced?
Answer: Ovaries.
b) What happens on day 14 of this cycle?
Answer: Ovulation.
c) How do the eggs reach the uterus?
Answer: Eggs pass through oviduct and then reach the uterus.
d) On which four days of this cycle is the egg most likely to be fertilised?
Answer: During 14-18 days.
e)Male sperm can live in the female reproductive organs for up to seven days. Which is the earliest day in the cycle when sexual intercourse could produce a baby?
Answer: The sixth day.
f) Write down the name of the type of contraception which
- is most effective against the spread of AIDS.
Answer: Use condoms.
- stops eggs being produced
Answer: Pills.
