d. A nonprofit organization is an organization that does not distribute its surplus funds to owners or shareholders, but instead uses them to help pursue its goals. Examples of NPOs include charities (i.e. charitable organizations) , trade unions, and public arts organizations. Most governments and government agencies meet this definition, but in most countries they are considered a separate type of organization and not counted as NPOs.
2.
The Dogs Trust
a. More recently, Dogs Trust has started to campaign against docking of tails and unnecessary euthanasia, such as that carried out on foxhounds after fox hunting was banned by the Hunting Act 2004. It also offers free neutering services in certain poorer countries with the aim of reducing feral populations. They have also created a sanctuary where selected dogs can live together free from excessive human contact.
b. They whant to reduce the number of dogs which are abandoned as unwanted gifts, or because they are more difficult to care for than first thought. it campaigned against vivisection, unnecessary muzzling and prolonged chaining, as well as providing care for stray dogs. It also campaigned against cruel treatment of dogs by railway companies, who often refused to provide water for dogs. Dogs Trust tries to rehome most dogs which it cares for, with 17 rehoming centres across the UK
c. Dogs Trust was founded in 1891 at a meeting during the first Crufts show chaired by Lady Gertrude Stock. Known as the National Canine Defense League (NCDL)
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Greenpeace is a non-governmental organization for the protection and conservation of the environment.
- Tackling human-induced climate change (global warming)
- Preserving the oceans (including stopping whaling and bottom trawling)
- Saving ancient forests (see deforestation, Intact forest landscapes)
- Peace and nuclear disarmament
- Promoting sustainable agriculture (and opposing genetic engineering)
- Eliminating toxic chemicals (including from E-waste), many of which are carcinogens
- Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1971. Early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert and Bobbi Hunter. The first office was opened in a back-room, storefront off Broadway on Cypress in Kitsilano, (Vancouver).
Medecins Sans Frontier
- Medecins Sans Frontier is a secular humanitarian-aid non-governmental organization best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic disease.
- in Rules, Section 2 addresses governance. MSF has an associative structure, where operational decisions are made, largely independently, by the 5 operational centres (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Geneva and Paris). Common policies on core issues are coordinated by the International Council, in which each of the 19 sections (national offices) is represented. The International Council meets in Geneva, Switzerland, where the International Office, which coordinates international activities common to the operational centres, is also based.
c. Médecins Sans Frontières was created in 1971 by a small group of French doctors in the aftermath of the Biafra secession who believed that all people have the right to medical care regardless of race, religion, creed or political affiliation, and that the needs of these people supersede respect for national borders.
Fair Trade
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Fair trade is an organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries and p The first attempts to commercialize fair trade goods in Northern markets were initiated in the 1940s and 1950s by religious groups and various politically oriented non-governmental organizations(NGOs). Ten Thousand Villages, an NGO within the Mennonite Central (MCC) and SERRV International were the first, in 1946 and 1949 respectively, to develop fair trade supply chains in developing countries. The products, almost exclusively handicrafts ranging from jute goods to cross-stitch work, were mostly sold in churches or fairs. The goods themselves had often no other function than to indicate that a donation had been maderomote sustainability.
b. The movement intends to provide market access to otherwise marginalized producers, connecting them to customers and allowing access with fewer middlemen. It aims to provide higher wages than typically paid to producers as well as helping producers develop knowledge, skills and resources to improve their lives. Fair trade advocates also seek to raise awareness of the movement's philosophies among consumers in developed nations
c. The first attempts to commercialize fair trade goods in Northern markets were initiated in the 1940s and 1950s by religious groups and various politically oriented non-governmental organizations(NGOs). Ten Thousand Villages, an NGO within the Mennonite Central (MCC) and SERRV International were the first, in 1946 and 1949 respectively, to develop fair trade supply chains in developing countries. The products, almost exclusively handicrafts ranging from jute goods to cross-stitch work, were mostly sold in churches or fairs. The goods themselves had often no other function than to indicate that a donation had been maderomote sustainability.
