Geography

PROJECT

Population and Demographics

Sao Paulo

Sanym Paritova

1. Growth rate tables over time

        There is a table where we clearly see how does population grew over the time. We can see that in the beginning population was growing faster then in the end of XX century. The demographic boom was between 1965 and 1980, when population become bigger almost for twice. Also the table shows growth of urban area and its annual growth rate.

2. Population (age - sex) pyramids

The population of Sao Paolo is 40.9 million people, 93.7% in urban areas. Sao Paulo’s and Brazilian population are directly related to its decrease in fecundity and increase in longevity. Such tendencies cause a population aging process which will result a domination of adults in the future

of Sao Paulo’s populational aging tendencies have been even stronger than those observed in the country, since the State’s base of the age pyramid of the population is narrower than Brazil’s.

  1. Density

        Sao Paulo’s 18 million people live in a compact city. At  an

estimated 21,000 people per square mile, it is more than double the density of Paris, and nearly three times that of Los Angeles.

  1. Birth/death rates

The consistent reduction of the infant mortality rate (Figure 4), is in a reducing way, is an indication of the demographic transition in the city of Sao Paulo. Till 1948, this rate reached values higher than 100 deaths of children under one year old per 1,000 live born children. However, the decrease of the measure was not constant through the later period. From 1961 to 1973, it increased almost every year, indicating the precarious condition of health care in those years.

Figure 1 shows the standardized mortality rate time-series drawn for Sao Paulo, from 1901 to 1994. The graphic representation emphasizes important characteristics of the measure such as a global trend to decrease and the non-uniform pattern of its temporal variance (heteroscedasticity).

The time-series consisting of annual measures of expectation of life at birth for the Municipality of São Paulo also presented a strong pattern of heteroscedasticity, an effect that can be visualized in Figure 5, which illustrates its measures and model trend.

The graphic representation of the time-series related to populational birth rates in the Municipality of São Paulo (Figure 6) shows a more complex pattern of variation than the other series studied. Besides its secular trend of decrease, there is a strong cyclic movement up and down, persistent throughout the period.

5. Education

        

        Portuguese language is the official language of schools. But English language and Spanish language are part of the official high school curriculum.

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        The educational system was in critical position. Firstly, in the primary school, the number of students was growing so fast that the education system cannot manage. At the primary level, the number of pupils who were studying at private schools was becoming bigger very fast, although that was not true of secondary education. The problems of secondary education were may be best reflected in the fact that 11 per cent of seventeen year-old children did not work and do not study.

        Brazil’s educational situation has improved in the past years. In 2005, the national enrollment rate was 97.3% in ...

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