An additional advantage of external migration for the country of origin is the reduction of population pressures. For instances, between the years of 1950 and 1970, over 70 million Indian’s migrated to other countries which is the equivalent of 50 years of India’s natural increase. This has greatly aided to relieve population pressures in India during that period of time as more people migrated to other countries putting less stress on the country’s resources (food, water, land e.t.c). In addition to this, in the Southwestern tribal belt of India, the majority of the population are in the depths of poverty due to the lack of resources caused by population pressures since the population outnumbers the count of resources adequate for its people. Therefore, researchers are fervently suggesting that people residing in the Southwestern tribal belt of India should engage themselves in seasonal migration solely due to the fact that stress on the resources of the area and dangers faced by population stress can be alleviated, especially during strenuous times like during endemics, famine e.t.c. Hence, the above two advantages clearly portray the benefits that internal and external migration have brought upon the country of origin.
There are also many benefits that migration has brought upon in the host country. Firstly, for migrants, there are evidently better wages and more job opportunities. As stated before, approximately 11% of the population in the Philippines migrate in order to financially support their families back in the Philippines as wages for the same jobs are much higher abroad than in the Philippines. For instance, working as a nurse in the United Kingdom, one would get paid around £25,000 per annum whilst one would get paid around £1,800 when working as a nurse in the Philippines. Hence, at the host country a migrant would get much higher wages for a vocation as opposed to the wages he or she would get when working for the same vocation in the country of origin.
Another advantage of migration for the host country is that migration is strongly related with cheap labour. This is because migrants working in the host country are willing to work for lower wages as opposed to the wages the natives work for. In addition to this, as the rate of migration increases, competition for the jobs increase as well hence lowering the price for labour much further. Therefore, as a result, the migrants work for lower wages which is beneficent to the host country as much more money is saved through the businesses. Not to mention, the majority of the employment of migrant workers is unregulated. This prime example for this case is the employment of workers within China during the construction of the Bird’s Nest (2008 Olympics). Around about 1 million migrant workers from the poor parts of China migrated to Beijing to work in the construction of the bird’s nest and they resided in poor conditioned on site-dormitories. Not to mention, these workers were paid the bare minimum due to the absence of efficacy groups and unions.This is a benefit to the host country (China itself) because, a lot of money is saved in the form of low wages whilst providing residences for the workers at the same time whilst alleviating problems caused by shortages of low-skilled labour.
A further advantage (societal advantage) gathered from migration benefitting the host country is in the form of cultural mixing. Cultural mixing can be defined as when people from different ethnicities and races come together in areas of the host country resulting in a an array of customs, music lifestyles, cuisine e.t.c. This is a huge pull factor in the industry of tourism and in the industry of migration itself. This assertion can be proven by the existence of such conurbations and metropolitan areas such as Hong Kong (About 95% of the people of Hong Kong are of Chinese descent, and the other 5% account for Americans, Canadians, English, Filipino, Thai, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Indonesian people) and London which are both tourist hotspots and areas infested with migrants.
Similar to voluntary migration, forced migration has it advantages which are primarily directed at the migrants (migrants who vacate their areas of residences due to natural disasters, wars, e.t.c). For instance in the year of 2005 (August) 100,000 evacuees took refuge and were relocated in the area of Houston after the Louisiana coast (New Orleans) was massacred by Hurricane Katrina. The migrants, during this disaster were able to benefit from forced migration by receiving medical services, food and shelter while in Houston (the destination). Not to mention, the stress in New Orleans was greatly reduced as many refugees were relocated in Houston. Likewise, in terms of the conflict in Darfur which began more than five years ago after a rebel group began attacking government targets, more than 2 million Darfuris have been forced from their homes and are living in camps where they are being provided with food, shelter and medical services. Even though there are constant attacks being made on these camps, these Dafuri refugees still have a guarantee of safety and the basic necessities of life which they wouldn’t even get close to if they still had been amidst the conflict in Darfur.
Thus in conclusion, voluntary migration (internal/external) has brought upon many advantages to both the host country and the country of origin. The advantages for the country of origin come in the form of remittances causing the alleviation of poverty to a certain extent (Philippines), reduction in the population pressures and resource stress (India). As for the host country, advantages come in the form of high incomes for the migrants and the host populations (United Kingdom), availability of unregulated low-cost labour (China) and cultural mixing (Hong Kong and New York). In addition to this, benefits of forced migration are also explored in the form of provision of security and the basic necessities of life for forced migrants (Darfur and New Orleans).
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