Peace Treaty Essay

Furthermore the Treaty of Saint-Germain had been signed on 10th September 1919. The New Republic of Austria and the Allies had signed the treaty. Before the war Austria had shared an empire with Hungary, called the Austro- Hungarian Empire. Post war, the empire was to be dissolved and Austria and Hungary were to become two separate states. As a result of the Treaty of Saint-Germain Austria lost nearly 60% of its old empire. Moreover Austria had lost more territory to other countries. In addition Austria was forbidden to Anchluss with Germany without the permission from the League. The Allies had intended to weaken all their opposition's territories in hope that a future attack would not be initiated. Austria's Treaty had been fair and very lenient because they didn't have to pay reparations. The allies agreed on a reparations clause however it was never part of the treaty. Considering the other treaty's I would say the Treaty of St-Germain was the most justified and realistic. Despite Austria losing a lot of territory, she did not have to payreparations on top of that and as a result her economy was not as badly shattered as it could have been. Austria had a real chance to rebuild her country and economy post war; despite the absence of territory and laborers.

Moreover there was the Treaty of Trianon that was signed on 4th June 1920. This Treaty dealt with the other half of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hungary. Hungary had lost nearly 2/3 of its land and over 40% of its population. Hungary's army was reduced to 35,000 men. Countries that gained land from Hungary were; Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. The Treaty of Trianon ensured that Hungary lost access to the Mediterranean sea and lots of its natural resources. Above all Hungary also had to pay reparations to the allies. The Treaty of Trianon was too harsh on the country considering it shared an Empire with Austria but still managed to take the full impact from the allies. The reparations clause was unfair considering Austria did not have to pay reparations. As a result of the reparations, Hungary would face an economic downfall. Similarly to Germany, it would suffer the consequences. Without a port, resources, labour force nor industry Hungary would have to rebuild its economy from scratch due to the harsh treaty.

The Treaty of Neuilly was signed on the 27th of November 1919. This was the treaty of Bulgaria. Similarly to Hungary, Bulgaria had a severe treaty. Bulgaria lost its territory to the Allies, she also had to pay reparations over $400 million and her army was reduced to 200,000 men. Although Bulgaria lost a fair amount of country it was also faced the second highest reparations clause after the Treaty of Versailles. It had also been agreed that 20 years later, Bulgaria would receive the territory she lost. However Bulgaria had never regained these lost lands. Bulgaria also had to give up access to the Mediterranean Sea. In my opinion I believe the Treaty of Neuilly is the harshest Treaty. Bulgaria had minimum input in World War One and was faced with an enormous reparations bill. In addition Bulgaria never retrieved their lost territory either, therefore to this day there are still many bitter Bulgarians protesting against the Treaty. The Treaty of Neuilly impacted the whole of Bulgaria, and as a result everyone was forced to suffer the consequences.

Furthermore the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs (Yugoslavia), Croats and Slovenes signed the Treaty of Rapallo. The Treaty had been designed to resolve the disputes about territories they had wanted. Italy and Yugoslavia had both claimed Fiume at the end of World War One. According to the Treaty of London, Italy had the legitimate right to gain Fiume, Istria and Dalmatia. However the USA had not signed the Treaty of London (unlike its Allies Britain and France) and argued with Italy over its claims. Italy had wanted to get as much out of the Treaty of London as she could. The terms of the Treaty stated that Istria would be divided between Yugoslavia and Italy. Fiume would become free city as a result of Wilson's self-determination. The

remaining territories of Dalmatia would be given to Yugoslavia. This affected thousands of Slovenes and Croats that lived within Italian borders. Where as there were only a few hundred Italians left in Yugoslavia. Italy had also gained a German and Hungarian population. I would say this Treaty had little affect on other countries or Italy and Yugoslavia itself. Therefore I consider it to be an irrelevant treaty. However if I had to decide if it was fair or not, I would argue that Italy had not received her terms from the Treaty of London. Therefore it caused a negative impact on the Italians, as many Italian soldiers had suffered during the war.

The Treaty of Sevres dealt with Turkey post war events. This Treaty had weakened the Ottoman army and limited it to 50,000 men. They were also allowed seven sloops and six torpedo boats. However they were prohibited from having an air force. This was only the military clause, however there was also the matter of land division. The Ottoman Empire lost land that would form new countries as a result of self-determination. In addition due to the "Tripartite Agreement" (a secret treaty signed by Britain, France and Italy to divide the Ottoman Empire) Britain gained all its oil companies. Although the Treaty of Sevres meant Turkey lost vast amounts of land and her companies, it had not impacted the country severely. Turkish people had wanted an independent Turkey, separate from the Ottoman Empire. Its economy had already been declining before World War One; therefore it had less of an impact. Turkey was considered the "sick man of Europe"

Finally the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk signed on 3rd March 1918 between Russia and Germany. The Treaty had been intended to end the war between Russia and Germany so that Russia could focus on the civil war within its own country. The Treaty meant that Russia lost Ukraine and Finland. In addition she had lost 62 million people and a majority of its industry and agriculture. Due to Germany's defeat of the war it had also meant that many countries such as: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland were to become independent states without a monarchy. This Treaty had a bitter affect on Russia.

In conclusion as a result of World War One these Treaties had been designed for opposition. The countries that were allies with Germany must have felt bitter and resentful towards the Allies. After World War One the whole of Europe was facing economic problems especially those who had to pay reparations for the Allies to help rebuild their countries. Due to the economic downfalls political parties within the countries also clashed with each other. They all had their own ideas for economic restructuring, helping the country and its people. I believe the diplomacy between the countries would remain strong, as they had sensed revenge for the future.