In chemistry there are three different theories of acid & bases, the Arrhenius Theory, the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, and lastly the Lewis Theory. The simplest theory of the three, the Arrhenius Theory, where the theory of acids is based on the idea of the behavior hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, where an acid has to contain a hydrogen ion (H+), where a base contain hydroxide ion (OH-). With disagreements, and further challenging the theory of the Arrhenius Theory, two different theories of the acid & bases have been created to further pursuit the knowledge of the theories of acid & bases.
The second theory, the Bronsted-Lowry theory; which challenges and further looks into the Arrhenius Theory, does not exclude the Arrhenius Theory, but simply broadens the idea of the theory, brought about by disagreements. The Bronsted-Lowry Theory states that the acid behavior is defined as the donation of a proton (hydrogen ion) and the base behavior as an acceptance of a proton. The theory as well states that there are no restrictions, so there is no need for an acid or base to be in an aqueous solution, and an acid is simply any species that can release a hydrogen ion, while a base is any species that can accept a hydrogen ion.
The last theory, which further challenges both previous theories, the Lewis Theory, which again does not exclude the previous two theories, but just further challenges and re-evaluate the theories. The Lewis Theory states that the acidity from the point of view of the electron pairs necessary to bond the hydrogen ions, and extends the concept of acidity to include any species that is able to accept an electron pair. The Lewis theory as well states that there is no need for a hydrogen ion and any dative coordinate bonding that becomes an acid - base reaction. The Lewis Theory indicates that an acid is any species that accepts an electron (hydroxide ion), while a base is any species that releases a hydroxide ion.
Through disagreements, the response is that this allows further knowledge through research that the scientists acquired about the theory of the acid & bases in depth knowledge in which ways an acid and base can be defined. In response, the Lewis Theory is brought up upon the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, as well as the Arrhenius Theory, through disagreements which further aided the pursuit of knowledge of the theories about the acid & bases. All theories that have been brought up through a starting point, and then further challenged to further more pursuit the knowledge of the theories. The most accurate theory of the acid and bases would be the Bronsted-Lowry Theory, as it includes the Arrhenius Theory, but elaborates more on the theory, further pursuit the knowledge of the acid and bases theory. This validates our question of “In what ways may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences?”, as through disagreements another theory has been brought up to further pursuit the knowledge of how to distinguish an acid from a base.
In business, there are a number of different ways to motivate workers, where theories are discussed upon and developed over the years, where all motivational theories do not reach the same conclusions unlike in chemistry. The two motivation theories, Taylor’s motivational theory and Maslow’s motivational theory will be further discussed to provide evidence that through disagreements the aid to pursuit knowledge is obtained.
Taylor’s motivational theory, created by Frederick Winslow Taylor, put out the theory that through pay is motivates the workers to work harder, and promote production efficiency. The idea of that workers naturally do not enjoy work, so close supervision must be upheld to control the workers, so therefore managers must break drown the production method into small groups and tasks where it would be manageable, and with training efficiency would be boosted through specialized training set on one task, and the pay increases according to the number of products produced in a period of time. Indicating, more products produced the higher the pay, and vice versa.
Unlike Maslow’s motivational theory, created by Abraham Maslow as well as working closely to Frederick Herzberg who both believed and focused on the psychological needs of the workers. Maslow’s theory created the hierarchy of needs, five levels of human needs which employees need to be comfortable with at work. The hierarchy of Maslow’s motivational theory is shown below:
As seen in the diagram above, once a worker fully meets the needs of the lowest level of the hierarchy, the worker would by motivated with the opportunity of having the next level of needs, and further going through the trend. Every time a worker meets the needs of a level, working from bottom to top of the hierarchy, the motivation to achieve the next level encourages the workers to work harder and furthermore increases productivity.
Both theories have been brought up through disagreements of one another theories, which then leads to further pursuit of knowledge of the ways of motivation. The pursuit of knowledge in business though in the other hand is not hindered by disagreements to a great extent, as every worker has a different incentive of which motivates them to work harder, so in conclusion one can say that, it is true that each theory are brought up through disagreements of one other’s theories but mainly are all neither true nor false, as it all depends on the workers and what truly motivates the workers most, as every human is different and our incentives are all different.
In another human science, economics, the
In conclusion, the implication of the pursuit of knowledge in both human and natural science is dependent isn’t solely upon disagreements, but rather the perspective that each individual views and takes in the knowledge, it is then solely on what one individual believes, and due to this disagreements will further be made and knowledge will be further challenged with then in the conclusion, disagreements does aid and would continue to evolve the pursuit of knowledge.
Use Words:
- valid
- reliability
- bias
- certainty
- truth
- belief
- limitations
Bibliography (Harvard Referencing)
C,CC,R, S, D
Claim, specific example, counterclaim, (example) response (implication), for the second plus a supporting point, similarities and differences can be explored
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